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RESOiri^CES 


STATE 


)  11 


I  l\l 


u, 


BSCEIPTIOlf  OF  COUNTIES,  UUWm,  MINES, 


CITY  OP"^  LITTLE  ROCK 


'iiiRB  i-i)m()\-!iv  irTiHiitirv  of  Tin:  state. 


13-^  vTJ^lv^ES  -F.  I-I:EliTI^"Y'. 


PRICE    FIFTY    C  E  N  T  r^  . 


LITTJ.K    UOCK,    AKIC: 

I'laVTKK     11 V     i'RICK    &     M'i'I.I'KK,    S'l'ATK     ['III  X'C  Ki: 

I  ST.-!. 


Entered  aci-n^-ding  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1872, 

BY  JAMES  P.  HEXRY, 

In  tha  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  "Washington,  1).  C. 


{01 


DEDICATION 


TO  THE  STATj.  of  ARKANSAS  AND  CITY  OF  LITTLE  ROCK 


Of  Arkansas  little  has  bc'^n  written,  and  little  is  kno'.vn  outside  its  bordjrs. 
To  the  State  of  Arkansas — the  least  known,  but  most  in-,  iting  to  immigrants, 
because  presenting  a  climate  the  most  lovely  in  the  Union;  a  soil  the  most  re- 
productive in  all  the  fruits  of  the  earth ;  mineral  resources  second  to  none  in 
richness  and  extent;  timber,  the  most  useful  in  all  the  mechanical  arts;  and 
farms,  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  to  be  had  almost  for  the  asking — a  State 
containing  all  the  elements  of  an  empire  within  itself.  To  the  City  of  Little 
Kuck,  "the  future  great  city  of  the  southwest,"  located  un  the  world's  highway 
from  tke  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  on  the  national  liighway  from  the  north  to  the 
south,  in  the  center  of  a  state  that  can  furnish  happy  homes  for  5.000,000  of  peo- 
ple, on  the  chief  river  of  Arkansas,  surrounded  by  a  country  the  most  lovely  o^ 
Uncle  Sam"s  domain ;  located  on  a  hill,  receiving  the  full  benefit  of  the  health- 
inspiring  breezes;  the  city  of  railroads,  and  the  city  that  is  destined  to  outstrip 
all  her  rivals,  this  work,  devoted  to  the  advancement  and  development  of  the 
material  resources  of  Arkansas,  is  dedicated  by  tlie 

AUTHOR. 


3IIU'S2 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page 

Arkai  1  -as  h]>U >i-y 7 

Location  and  pliysiral  gcograjihy S 

AV'atcr  courses 10 

Climate 11 

The  Hot  Springs la 

Forest  growth? 18 

Mines  and  mineral  resources -- 

Agricultural  resources -G 

.State  products -0 

A  gricultural    Statistics o 2 

Pruit  growing .'l  J 

Stock  raising  and  dairy  ]n-oducts o'J 

^lanufactures 41 

Value  of  laud -iu 

Government  lands 44 

State  lands 44 

Taxes 4G 

Arkan  sas  securi t ics 40 

Education 47 

Benevolent  and  reformatoi'v  institutions :,i 

State  Industrial  Un i versit y oo 

Judsonia  College  colony , i>S 

The  state  exemption  and  homi'steail  law GO 

Levee  bonds G 1 

Public  debt  of  the  state Gi 

Animals,  birds  and  insects  of  tlie  state G2 

Value  of  real  and  p i-rsonal  propsrty g;; 

Price;  of  labor g;> 

Profits  accruing  from   hilifn' G4 

How  to  roach  Arkansas G4 

List  of  newspapers  in  Arkansas G6 

List  of  state  officers  of  Arkansas G7 

Suffrage 07 

Senators  and  congressmen  of  Arkansas 67 

List  of  money  order  offices  in  Arkansas 6S 

Eailroads  and  railroad  lands 68 

Description  of  coun tie> 87 

The  state  capital 133 

Notices  of  the  press 13j 


AN   ACT  TO    ENCOUPxAGE    IMMIGRATION   TO 
THE   STATE   OF  ARKANSAS. 


Whereas,  The  time  has  arrived  when  the  subject  of  immi- 
gration should  receive  the  immediate  services  and  unremitted 
attention  of  every  well-meaning'  citizen  of  Arkansas,  in  order 
to  settle  our  sparsely  populated  state  by  the  introduction  of  a 
people  recommended  by  their  loyalty,  their  industry  and  intel- 
ligence ;  and 

Whekeas,  That,  in  order  to  secure  this  end,  every  induce- 
ment should  1)0  ofrered  that  class  of  immigrants,  come  from 
what  portion  of  the  civilized  world  they  may,  and  the  devel- 
opment of  our  agricultural  and  mineral  resources  should  b« 
encouraged ;  and 

Whereas,  The  pamphlet  published  by  James  V.  Henry, 
entitled  "Eesources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas,"  etc.,  has  been 
indorsed  by  the  leading  railway  companies  of  the  state,  the 
leading  journals  of  the  state  and  many  prominent  journals  of 
other  states,  the  commissioner  of  immigration  and  state  lands 
and  nearly  all  the  other  state  officers,  and  the  unanimous  in- 
dorsement of  the  people  of  this  state;  and 

Whereas,  Fifteen  thousand  copies  of  this  pamphlet  have 
been  circulated  throughout  the  United  States  and  in  Europe, 
and  the  attention  of  the  people  of  other  states  has  been  at- 
tracted to  Arkansas  by  means  ot  this  pamphlet;  and 

Whereas,  James  P.  Henry  has  distributed  over  four  thou- 
sand five  hundred  copies  of  this  pamphlet  at  his  own  expense, 
involving  said  James  P.  Henry  in  a  loss  over  two  thousand 
dollar:^ ;  therefore. 

Be  it  rnacicd  Inj  Ihc  (ifmral  A.^siinbl'j  of  the  State  of  Arkansas: 

Section  1.  That  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  ($15,000)  dol- 
lars is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury 


EESUUKCE8  OF  AlUvxiJStiAS. 


of  the  state  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  purpose  of  pay- 
ing James  P.  Henry  for  a  further  edition  of  his  pamphlet  enti- 
tled "Resources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas,"  etc. 

Sec.  2.  Be  it  farther  enacted.,  That  whenever  the  said_  James 
P.  Henry  shall  deliver  to  the  commissioner  of  immigration  and 
state  lands  or  to  the  board  of  immigration  tw^enty-five  thousand 
copies  of  his  pamphlet  entitled  "Resources  of  the  State  of  Ar- 
kansas," etc.,  twenty  thousand  copies  of  whioh^shall  be  pub- 
lished in  the  English  language  and  five  thousand  copies  in  the 
German  language,  he  shall  present  his  account  to  the  auditor 
of  the  state,  and  said  auditor  of  the  State  of  Arkansas  shall 
draw  his  warrant  on  the  treasurer  of  the  state  for  the  sum  of 
fifteen  thousand  (^15,000)  dollars,  as  provided  in  the  preceding 
section. 

Sec.  3.  Be  itfurtlicr  enacted,  That  it  sliall  be  the  duty  of  the 
commissioner  of  immigration  and  state  lands  or  the  secrctar}' 
of  the  board  of  immigration  to  distribute  said  pamphlets  pur- 
chased of  James  P.  Henry,  wherever,  in  his  opinion,  they  will 
be  productive  in  promoting  immigration  to  this  state. 

CIIAS.  W.  TAMiERSLEY, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Y.  Y.  SMITH, 

President  of  the  Senate. 
Approved   April  28,  1873. 

ELISHA  BAXTER, 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Arkansas. 

OFFICE  SECllETARY  OF  STATE,  AllKANSAS. 

I,  J.  ]M.  Johnson,  Secretary  of  State  of  Arkansas,  ccrtif}'  that 
the  above  and  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  of  the  original  act  enti- 
tled "An  act  to  encourage  immigration  to  the  Stale  of  Arkan- 
sas,"  approved  April  28,  1873. 

Ill  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto   set  my  hand  and 
affixed  my  seal  of  office,  at   Little   Rock,  this 
[seal.]       twenty  ninth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1873. 

J.  M.  JOUNSOX, 

Secretary  of  State. 
By  FKA^'K  Strong,  Deputy. 


HISTORICAL. 


Arkansas  formed  a  part  of  the  Louisiana  territory.  It  was 
originally  settled  by  the  Frencli  in  1G70.  It  was  ceded  in  130o 
by  France  to  the  United  States.  According  to  Rev.  F.  Banks 
(reported  in  his  Universal  Geography,  published  during  the 
reign  of  His  Majesty  George  III.),  as  exhibited  by  a  map  exe- 
cuted by  T.  Bowcn,  geographer,  fob  493,  agreeable  to  treaty  of 
1784,  Louisiana  then  extended  from  20"^  to  40^  north  latitude. 
It  was  bounded  on  the  north  by  tlie  territory  of  the  (wild) 
Indians,  east  by  Florida,  south  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  west 
by  New  Mexico,  which  is  now  known  as  Texas.  In  1720,  the 
French  succeeded  in  making  a  few  settlements,  beside  the 
"Isle  of  Dauphine''  (Mobile),  eighty  leagues  east  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi  river.  These  m  part  were  ceded  to  England 
by  treaty  of  1763;  afterv/ard  by  England  (together  with  Flor- 
ida) it  was  ceded  to  the  Spaniards,  according  to  treaty  of  1783, 
including  the  rivers  Mississippi,  St.  Francis,  Black,  and  the 
Mobile,  Isle  of  New  Orleans,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  the  "town  of  New  Orleans,"  then  the  capital  of  Louisiana ; 
both  are  names  originally  given  by  the  French. 

The  early  territorial  history  of  Arkansas  is  as  meager  in 
matter  of  general  interest,  barren  in  material  properly  belong- 
ing to  it,  as  the  circumstances  of  its  growth  and  development 
at  a  later  period.  Legends  and  traditions  have,  in  the  past, 
served,  with  few  exceptions,  the  part  of  historj'-.  Since  1803, 
when  the  territory  of  Louisiana  was  acquired  by  purchase  from 
the  French  republic,  it  has  been  separated,  and  afforded  im- 
p)ortant  political  territorial  divisions.  Arkansas  remained  a 
part  of  the  Louisiana  territory  until  1812,  when  the  state  of 
Louisiana  was  admitted  into  the  Union.  It  was  created  a  ter- 
ritory March  2,  1819.     Afterward  it  became  a  part  of  the  Mis- 


RESOUKCES  OP  ARKANSAS. 


souri  territory.  ^Missouri  was  admitted  as  a  state  in  the  ITnioii 
March  2,  1821,  and  Arkansas  was  left  alone  as  a  separate  terri- 
tory, organized  as  such  with  its  present  limits.  Tt  was  admit- 
ted into  the  Union  as  a  state  June  15,  1836. 

Arkansas,  so  favored  by  Nature  in  latitudinal  position,  cli- 
mate, soil,  mineral  wealth,  large  tracts  of  forest,  navigable, 
inland  and  marginal  rivers,  medicinal  and  pure,  flowing 
springs,  possessing,  physically,  good  commercial  relations  and 
val^iable  agricultural  advantao-es — all  that  is  iuvitins: — has 
been  overlooked  and  overleaped,  generally,  by  emigration_ 
The  hardy  adventurers,  that  desirable  class  of  inhabitants, 
have  turned  away  from  the  borders  of  this  unknown  division 
to  more  rigorous  climates.  Immigration  has  not  been  dulv 
encouraged ;  the  great,  growing,  powerful  west,  northwest  and 
northeast,  even  in  territorial  wilds,  were  rendered  more  ac- 
cessible for  exploration  and  more  inviting  to  emigrants. 

LOCATION    ANT)    rilYSIC.VL    GEOdKAPIIY. 

Arkansas  lies  between  the  parallels  of  33'^  and  30°  30'  nortii 
latitude,  and  extends  through  five  degrees  of  longitude — from 
89°  40'  to  94°  42'  west  longitude.  It  is  bounded  on  the  nortti 
by  the  state  of  Missouri,  on  the  cast  by  tlic  St.  Francis  and 
Mississippi  rivers,  on  the  south  by  the  states  of  Louisiana  and 
Texas,  on  the  west  by  the  state  of  Texas  and  the  Indian  terri- 
tory. The  present  area  of  the  state  is  52,198  square  miles, 
or  33,406,720  acres.  The  population  in  1870  was  484,471.  It 
is  computed  to  be,  in  area,  one  sixth  larger  than  New  York. 
The  physical  configuration  of  Arkansas  presents  great  varia- 
tions of  surface.  The  state  is  one  of  the  great  basin  states  of 
the  Mississippi,  on  the  west  for  a  distance  of  three  and  a  half 
degrees  of  latitude,  and  five  degrees  of  longitude.  Tlie  ele- 
vated parts  of  the  state  commence  at  the  undulations  of  the 
surface  in  the  southwestern  part,  soon  developing  into  foot 
hills  and  mountains  of  the  Masserne  range,  and  expanding 
into  broad  mountain  tracts  as  we  course  toward  the  north  and 
oast,  until  we  meet  the  Ozark  mountains,  which,  commencing 
near  Little  Kock,  extend  north  and  westerly  beyond  the  limits 


TvESOURCES   OF   ARKANSAS. 


of  the  state.     They  obtain  an  elevation  of  from  1500  to  2000 
feet. 

It  is  the  elevated  part  of  the  state,  formed  by  these  mountain 
ranges,  that  has  made  and  now  makes  the  strong  physical  bar- 
rier to  the  great  basin.     It  has  physically,  geologically  and 
climatically   almost  completely   divided   the   state.      A   line 
drawn  starting  from  the  southwest  and  coursing  diagonally 
to  the  northeast  would  separate  the  older  formations  from  the 
latter,  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  state  from  the  rich  agricult- 
ural lands.      Within  the  limits  of  the  state  we  find  a  great 
variety  of  minerals  in  the  different  tissues  of  the  soil.     Vast 
deposits  of  valuable  minerals  are  found  in  the  northern  divis- 
ion.    The  rich  formations  of  tertiary  and  post-tertiary  deposits 
in  the  lower  divisions  are  not  excelled  in  fertility  by  an}-  known 
land.     The  bottom  lands  vary  in  quality  and  productiveness, 
yet  they  are  generally  remarkably  deep  and  rich.    Thus  formed 
by  nature,  Arkansas  is  a  desirable  agricultural  and  mineral 
state.     Exempt  alike  from  the  intense  heat  of  the  extreme 
south  and  the  severe  cold  of  the  north,  her  genial  climate  and 
fertile  soil  produce  in  abundance  the  productions  of  both  re- 
gions.    The   rich   bottom   lands  will   .yield,  under    favorable 
culture,  from  fifty  to  eighty  bushels  of  Indian  corn  and  about 
four  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  cotton  per  acre,  which  is 
considered  a  fair  average  crop.     The  mountains,  table  lands 
and  valleys  present,,  generally,  a  rich  surface,  good  drainage, 
romantic  and  picturesque  scenery,  and  a  productiveness  re- 
markable for  the  formations  and  latitudes.     The  staple  pro- 
ductions of  that  part  of  the  state  are  more  allied  to  those  of 
the  states  of  Missouri,  Tennessee  and  Kentucky.     The  paludal 
region  that  borders  the  shore  line  of  the  Mississippi  river  from 
Mississippi  county  in  difierent  parts  to  Chicot  county  presents 
a  large  tract  of  surface  that  would  prove  immensely  valuable 
bj  drainage.     The  overflowed  bottoms  are  districts  where  per- 
nicious climatic    diseases   usually   prevail   during   the   warm 
season.     The  products  of  the  basin  section  of  the  state  are 
very  valuable.     The  rich  alluvial  bottoms  of  this  part  produce 
the  valuable  staples  of  the  southern  states,  together  with  the 
fruits  and  vegetation  of  the  semi-tropical  latitudes. 


10  RESOUKCES   OF   ARKANSAS. 

WATER    COURSES. 

Arkansas  is  abundantly  supplied  with  navigable  rivers,  so 
distributed  as  to  give  access  interiorly  to  all  parts  of  the  state. 
The  great  boundary  on  the  east  is  formed  by  the  mighty  Mis- 
sissippi. The  St.  Francis  on  the  northeast,  which  rises  in 
southeast  Missouri  and  flows  through  the  low,  undulating 
portions  of  the  northeast,  where  it  intermingles  with  lakes, 
ci^eks  and  paludal  surfaces,  is  a  tributary  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  White  river,  one  of  the  most  charming  navigable  in- 
land streams  on  the  continent,  rises  in  northwest  Arkansas 
and,  leaving  the  state  boundary,  flows  through  the  lower  south- 
west countiejs  of  Missouri,  soon  to  return  again  to  the  state  to 
greet  its  affluent  the  Black  river,  which  affords,  from  the  coh- 
fluence,  almost  at  all  seasons,  navigation  for  a  distance  ®f 
three  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  White  river,  with  its  tribu- 
taries, gives  drainage  for  a  broad  expanse  of  Country  from  the 
northwest,  middle  and  southeastern  parts  of  the  northern  section 
of  the  state. 

The  Arkansas  river,  one  of  the  largest  tributaries  of  the 
Mississippi,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Colorado,  and  flows  east- 
erly for  a  distance  of  two  thousand  miles  to  join  the  Missis- 
sippi. White  river  is  an  affluent,  flowing  into  it  near  its 
mouth.  The  Arkansas  river  bisects  and  drains  this  vast  coun- 
try;  it  is  navigable  entirely  across  the  state,  and,  during  high 
water,  beyond  it,  far  up  into  the  Indian  tetritory.  The  Ouach- 
ita, with  its  tributaries,  drains  almost  the  entire  state  lying 
south  of  the  Arkansas  river,  or  all  that  surface  lying  between 
it  and  the  Red  river.  It  is  navigable  two  hundred  and  fifty 
miles.  The  Red  river  is  the  southwestern  channel  of  drainage, 
and  is  navigable  throughout  its  course  in  the  state.  Thus 
we  have  the  best  avenues  to  afford  drainage  throughout  all 
parts  of  the  state.  The  state  is  divided  into  seventy-three 
counties  ;  fifty-one  of  that  number  are  watered  by  navigable 
streams,  which,  with  their  branches,  afford  a  navigable  high- 
way within  the  state  of  over  three  thousand  miles,  available 
throughout  the  year  generally,  without  climatic  barriers,  for 


KESOURCES  OP  ARKANSAS.  .11 

internal  commerce.  The  evaporation  from  tlic  vast  aqueous 
surface,  the  condensation  and  precipitation  by  rain,  plainly 
demonstrate  the  peculiarity  of  climate  for  the  latitudinal  posi- 
tion. The  channels  of  these  rivers,  the  varying  temperature  of 
the  waters,  eiiects  of  the  evaporation  from  the  surfiice,  give 
avenues  for  atmospheric  circulation.  These  water  and  wind 
channels  are  coursed  by  the  cold  and  more  rarified  currents  of 
the  air  from  the  more  elevated  mountain  regions  of  the  north 
and  northwestern  territory,  which  are  fouad  plunging  into  tfie 
interior  and  southern  portions  of  the  state,  invited  thither  by 
the  warm  air  of  the  littoral  regions  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexieo  south 
of  us  ;  and  this  circulation,  so  refreshing,  gives  to  the  inhabi- 
tants the  marked  peculiarities  and  advantages  in  the  climata  of 
the  state.  It  is  well  knowm  that  a  moderately  undulating 
country  is,  for  health,  preferable  lio  one  altogether  inountaia- 
0U8  •r  flat.  Mountain  regions  act  physically  on  the  climate  ©f 
a  country,  chiefly  by  determining  the  prevailiHg  wiads. 

CLIMATE,   BISEASES,    ETC. 

The  physical  features  of  a  state,  the  geographical  relations  of 
land  and  water,  the  general  aspect  or  exposure,  are  important 
items  in  climatology.  The  diversified  surface,  presenting 
mountains  and  valleys,  foot  hills  and  plains,  table  lands,  second 
bottoms,  undulating  prairie,  rich  bottoms  and  overflowed  sec- 
tions, gives  to  partifular  localities  local  atmosphere,  notable 
topography,  and  singular  meteorological  influences.  The  tem- 
perature of  the  seasons  in  the  diflerent  parallels  of  latitude 
within  the  state  greatly  difl'ers. 

According  to  Dr.  Jackson's  chart  of  medical  climatology, 
showing  climatic  lines  or  iaothermals,  we  find  Arkansas  em- 
braced within  the  most  agreeable  latitudes  found  north  of  the 
equator.  Between  30°  and  40°  north  latitude  is  the  most  de- 
sirable belt  known  throughout  North  America,  Europe,  Asia 
and  Africa.  It  is  the  most  temperate,  equal  and  healthful  zone 
of  latitude  that  surrounds  the  earth.  In  the  precipitation  of 
rain,  refreshing  showers,  dews  and  wind  currents,  Blodget 
gives  the  same  mean,  showing  it  to  be  the  most  favored  climes 


12  KESOUKCES  OF  AKKANSAS. 

The  precipitation  at  all  seasons  throughout  the  year,  owing-  to 
physical  causes,  is  more  equal  in  amount  than  found  elsewhere 
in  adjacent  paraMels.  The  vernal  mean  temperature  at  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas,  for  1871,  was  72''  32^  Fahr.  The  summer 
mean,  being  the  warmest  season  experienced  within  the  past 
decade  of  years,  records  a  temperature  of  80°  29^  Fahr.  The 
autumn  mean  50°  29^  Fahr.  Winter  mean  50°  22\  The  pre- 
cipitation is  good  throughout  the  winter,  with  an  occasional 
fall  of  snow.  The  mean  temperature  of  the  j'^ear  1871  at  Little 
Rock,  Ark.,  is  63°  32^  Fahr.  The  hyetic  relations  are  among 
the  best  to  be  found  in  the  United  States,  and  are  regarded  as 
the  most  desirable  mean  that  belongs  to  the  hemispheres.  The 
climate  in  the  northern  and  northwestern  portions  is,  to  some 
extent,  allied  to  that  of  the  northwestern  states,  though  the 
wint-ors  are,  as  a  rule,  very  much  milder  and  more  agreeable, 
the  autumns  much  longer  and  more  free  from  cold  winds  and 
early  frost.  In  the  central  and  southern  parts  of  the  state  the 
climate  is  superior  to  that  of  any  state  in  the  union  of  the  same 
latitude.  The  summer  season  in  Arkansas  is  distinguished  by 
no  exalted  degree  of  heat.  The  thermometer  exhibits,  from  the 
first  of  June,  a  temperature  varying  from  80°  to  95°  Fahr.,  until 
the  20th  of  August.  For  a  few  days  in  July,  particularly 
during  a  season  of  drought,  the  mercury  may  rise  as  high  as 
100°  Fahr.  About  the  20th  of  August,  the  nights  begin  to 
grow  cool,  and  no  heat  worthy  of  record  during  the  day,  save 
at  about  noon.  Gradually,  as  September  approaches,  the  heat 
gives  away  or  disappears,  and  by  the  20th  of  September  the 
fall  has  comm.enced,  which,  in  this  latitude,  is  gratefully  ac- 
knowledged, as  it  is  marked  by  no  sudden  changes,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  is  cool  and  bracing.  About  the  20th  of  Novem- 
ber, almost  invariably,  there  is  a  "cold  spell,"  lasting  about  ten 
days,  when  it  again  moderates  to  usual  fall  weather,  and  winter 
is  not  clearly  announced  until  the  20th  of  December.  At  this 
time,  and  for  a  week  or  two,  the  thermometer  indicates  a  tem- 
perature varying  from  20°  to  32°  Fahr.  The  residue  of  the 
winter  presents  no  excess  of  cold — a  temperature  varying  from 
32°  to  44°  Fahr. 


EESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  13 

The  cheerful,  romantic,  invigorating  atmosphere  of  the 
mountain  regions,  with  its  clear,  bright  skies,  affords  an  in- 
viting tonic  climate,  especially  for  those  suffering  with  chronic 
affections  of  the  respiratory  organs,  digestive  forces,  or  general 
physical  debility. 

The  more  equal  sedative  climate  of  the  southern  division  of 
the  state  is  also  well  suited  for  diseases  of  the  mucous  surface. 
The  temperature,  although  relaxing  during  the  hot  months,  is 
in  general  genial  The  vicissitudes  or  sudden  transitions, 
however,  are  less  frequent  than  we  ffnd  in  adjacent  states. 

In  the  lower  tier  of  counties,  particularly  where  the  pine  in 
dense  forests  abounds,  a  good  atmosphere  can  be  found  for 
those  chronic  sufferers  who  are  afflicted  with  catarrhal,  bron- 
chial or  pulmonary  affections.  In  the  low  lands  in  the  various 
parts  of  the  state,  where  a  rank  and  luxuriant  vegetable  growth 
is  general,  will  be  found 'those  types  of  malarial  diseases  which 
characterize  such  regions  elsewhere.  The  inhabitants  living- 
adjacent  to  pijkidal  sections,  or  residing  in  the  rich  alluvial 
and  post  tertiary  parts  suffer  from  miasma,  which  produces 
vernal,  festival  and  autumnal  climatic  ills.  Of  diseases,  those 
of  a  malarial  origin  are  by  far  the  most  prevalent. 

Phthisis  pulmonalis,  typhoid  fever,  gout  and  rheumatism, 
with  their  complications,  are  less  frequent  in  Arkansas  than 
iound  in  the  adjacent  states. 

Arkansas  is  abundantly  supplied  with  pure,  delicious  water. 
Her  numerous  rivers,  springs  and  clear  streams  flowing  from 
mountain  tributaries  supply  the  inhabitants  with  a  super- 
abundance. The  number  of  valuable  mineral  springs  through- 
out the  state  is  inviting  to  health  and  pleasure- seekers,  and, 
with  the  climatic  advantages,  if  rendered  accessible  to  visitors, 
would,  throughout  the  year,  make  much  of  the  state  a  sani- 
tarium. Arkansas  has  been  greatly  favored  by  nature  in  ter- 
ritorial characteristics ;  nature  has  been  generous  in  terrestrial 
endowments  ;  man  alone  has  been  the  sluggard  and  neglected 
the  advantages  offered  him.  One  of  the  second  tier  of  gulf 
states,  belonging  to  a  belt  of  latitudes  the  most  equal  and  de- 
lightful in  temperature  found  in  the  grand  zone  of  circumfer- 


14 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


ence  upon  our  planet  in  all  the  known  divisions  of  tlie  earth, 
Arkansas,  "the  Switzerland  of  America,"  has  remarkable  con- 
ditions as  one  of  the  interior — we  might  add  middle — slates  of 
the  Federal  Union. 

METEOROLOGflCAL    OBSERVATIONS. 


Amount  of  rain-fall  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  for  the  year  1871. 


January 4.1 

Februarj 4.6 

March G.6 

April 9.9 

May 5.3 

June 3.8 

July 4.0 


August 1.1 

September 9 

October 2.1 

November 1 .4 

December 0 

Total 43.80 


Thermometer  Fahr.  at  Little  Rock,  Ark. 


1871. 

7  A.  M. 

2  p.  M. 

9  r.  M. 

Mean  for 
month. 

January 

36.45 
43.71 
48.96 
58.43 
65.42 
79.86 
80.00 
81.48 
64.06 
55.80 
40.26 
35.38 

48.60 
56.92 
64.09 
70.00 
77.67 
84.60 
84.90 
91.54 
82.83 
72.74 
52.43 
43.93 

44.13 
51.53 
57.48 
65.53 
70.03 
79..33 
81.53 
84.67 
72.00 
61.77 
48.36 
44.64 

43.06 
50.72 
56.88 
64.65 
71.04 
81.26 
82.14 
85.89 
72.87 
63.10 
47.01 
41.31 

February  

March   

Winter  50.22 

April 

May 

June 

Spring  72.32 

Julv 

August 

September 

Summer  80.29 

October 

November 

December 

Autumn  50.44 

Average  for  year. 

63.2;2 

Thermometrical  observations  taken  at  7  a.  m.  and  9  p.  m.  daily,  at  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  for  the  year  1870. 


Months 

•January 

February 

March  

April 

May 

June  

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

December 


Date. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Average   Tern. 

9  to  19 

720 

26° 

45° 

15  to  20 

69 

14 

46     4^ 

9  to  24 

73 

26 

49     1 

16to  22 

84 

33 

61     3 

7  to  23 

93 

52 

71     8 

8  to  22 

94 

60 

76     5 

8  to  16 

94 

68 

81     8 

13  to  30 

90 

69 

81     4 

6  to  28 

96 

59 

76     6 

20  to  30 

87 

42 

63     7 

4  to  26 

86 

31 

54     8 

7  to  24 

73 

4 

38     5 

ltP]SO  URGES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


Thermometrical  observations  taken  daily,  at  Dubuque,  Iowa,  for  the  year  1870. 


Months 

January  

February  

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 

Decenaber 


Date. 


16to  17 

20  to  26 

IGto  28 

13  to  24 

3  to  22 

7  to  29 

25  to  30 

5  to  20 

7  to  19 

1  to  31 

G  to  22 

1  to  23 


Maximum. 


43° 
51 
52 
82 
89 
102 
100 
95 
88 
72 
GO 
51 


Minimum. 


6°  below 


do 
do 


7 

4 
28 
48 
5G 
58 
51 
51 
26 
22 
12    bolow 


Average   Tern. 


21° 

25 

30 

52 

G7 

74 

77 

70 

65 

50 

39 

24 


2' 


THE    HOT   SPRINGS. 

The  Hot  Springs  of  Arkansas  are  among  the  wonders  of  the 
continent.  They  are  situated  about  sixty  miles  southwest 
from  Little  Rock,  and  eighteen  miles  from  Malvern  sta- 
tion, on  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad.  A  line  of  four-horse 
coaches  runs  from  this  station  to  the  springs.  These  springs — 
fifty-seven  in  number,  ranging  in  temperature  from  93°  to  150° 
Fahr. — discharge  over  500,000  gallons  of  water  daily,  sufficient 
in  quantity  to  accommodate,  with  delightful  bathing,  10,000 
bathers  every  day  in  the  year.  These  natural  earth-heated 
waters  hold  in  solution  valuable  mineral  constituents.  Clear, 
tasteless,  inodorous,  these  springs  pour  forth,  from  the  novacu- 
lite  ridge,  waters  as  pure,  bright  and  sparkling  as  the  pellucid 
Neva.  The  various  springs  are  qualitatively  allied,  not  hold- 
ing in  solution  or  freighted  with  too  much  abusive  mineral, 
and  they  are  free  from  all  noxious  gases.  It  is  believed  the 
properties  of  the  waters,  especially  in  the  treatment  of  chronic 
hsemic  diseases,  are  uuequaled.  There  are  no  springs  known 
of  superior  value,  or  that  can  compare  with  the  Hot  Springs  of 
Arkansas,  as  adjuncts  in  the  treatment  of  that  class  of  chronic 
diseases.  They  are  more  nearly  allied  to  Gastein,  in  the  Noric 
Alps,  than  any  known  springs;  but,  in  regard  to  climatic 
advantages,  we  can  justly  claim  that  the  climate  of  Arkansas, 
throughout  the  year,  far  surpasses  the  European.  When 
hydrotherapy  is  more  generally  understood  by.  the  medical 
profession  at  large,  these  natural  waters,  as  remedial  adjuncts, 


16  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

will  surely  be  more  appreciated  for  the  virtues  they  possess. 
These  thermal  springs  do  not  belong  to  that  class  known  as 
intermittent  waters.  They  flo\v  a  constant  regular  current 
with  like  temperature.  Arising  from  great  d-jpth,  the  calidity, 
or  gelidncss  exteriorly,  does  not  appear  to  influence  them. 
Many  theories  exist  regarding  the  cause  of  heat  of  all  sucb 
constant  springs.  We  must  incline  to  the  views  of  Humboldt, 
that  it  is  imparted  by  the  inherent  heat  of  the  earth.  These 
superheated  waters  and  gases,  with  the  high  electrical  condi- 
tions (as  we  find,  artificially  or  naturally  generated,  whenever 
the  temperature  is  elevated  to  a  certain  altitude  above  ebulli- 
tion), hold  in  solution  the  soluble  mineral  tissues  of  the  earth, 
through  which  the  hot  water  penetrates,  and  convey  it  to  the 
surface.  The  crude  materials  found  by  qualitative  analysis  in 
these  waters  are — 

Silicates  with'base.  Alumina,  wiili  oxide  "f  iron. 

Bicarbonate  of  lime.  Oxide  of  manganese. 

Bicarbonate  of  magnesia.  Sulphate  of  lime. 

Carbonate  of  soda.  Arseniate  of  lime  ? 

Carbonate  of  potassa.  Arseniate  of  iron  ? 

Carbonate  of  lithia.  Bromine? 

Sulphate  of  magnesia.  Iodine,  a  trace. 

Cliloride  of  magnesia.  Organic  matter,  a  trace. 

The  pure,  subtile  liquid  certainly  holds  in  refinement  active 
mineral  ingredients  that  no  chemical  analysis  can  resolve  sat- 
isfactorily its  true  natural  combinations,  or  reveal  the  relations. 
The  inherent  thermo-electric  properties,  together  with  the 
peculiar  chemical  formations  of  the  carbonates  of  the  alkalis, 
alkaline  earths,  and  other  mineral  substances,  give  the  waters 
properties  that  cannot  be  imitated  b^^  art.  Their  action  is 
strangely  unlike  artificially  prepared  waters.  Who  would  sip, 
gulp  or  quafl:'  down  three  or  four  pints  of  artificially  prepared 
water,  at  a  temperature  of  148°  or  150°  Fahr.,  at  one  time,  and 
feel  refreshed  after  the  feat  ?  Here  it  is  given  to  invalids,  as 
the  usual  dose,  during  the  process  of  bathing.  The  eflicacy  of 
this  wonderful  fluid,  medicated  mysteriously  in  subterranean 
recesses,  by  its  affinities  or  powerful  combining  fiarces,  is  really 
a  subject  worthy  of  more  general  study,  and  of  true  profes- 
sional  intere^^t.      As  "correlants,"    "alterants"  and    "elirai- 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  17 

nants,"  these  waters  are  important  adjuncts  that  will  aid  the 
practitiouer  with  celerity  to  control  many  obstinate  chronic 
ills.  Now  that  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  is  completed, 
affording  greater  facilities  for  travel,  this  miniature  Baden- 
Baden  will  be  an  invalid's  resort  tliroughout  the  year.  We 
predict  that  the  period  is  not  remote  when  these  springs  will 
be  more  famous,  and  resorted  to  annually  by  European  tourists 
for  all  chronic  hoemic  diseases.  The  advantages  of  the  climate 
throughout  the  entire  year,  the  pure,  rarefied  mountain  air,  the 
delightful  waters — all  give  promise  that  these  springs  will  soon 
be  one  of  the  most  celebrated  resorts  for  invalids  in  the  United 
States.     Thousands  now  visit  this  renowned  watering  place. 

That  these  springs  have  a  great  future,  and  that  they  are  des- 
tined to  become  the  greatest  resort  for  invalids  in  the  world,  I 
have  not  the  shadow  of  a  doubt.  The  cures  they  effect  iuthe 
most  inveterate  diseases  are  sirapl}'-  miraculous,  and  I  think  I 
am  justified  in  saying  that  no  man  down  with  a  chronic  com- 
plaint (except  consumption  and  heart  trouble)  has  an}^  right  to 
despair  until  he  has  thoroughly  tried  their  efiicac3\ 

THE    MAMMOTH    SPRING. 

The  Mammoth  spring,  in  Fulton  county,  is  a  remarkable 
phenomenon.  Its  waters,  either  by  compression  or  from  some 
other  peculiar  cause,  contains  apparently,  in  solution,  such  a 
great  amount  of  carbonic  acid  that  its  surface  is  in  a  continu- 
ous state  of  eftervescence  or  bubbling,  resembling  the  effer- 
vescence of  a  fountain  of  soda-water.  The  constant  tempera- 
ture of  the  water  (60°)  favors  apparently  the  development  of 
animal  life,  and  the  number  of  species  of  water  plants  growing 
near  the  borders,  but  still  in  the  waters,  such  as  Indian  rice, 
water  cress,  marsh  speedwell,  etc.,  is  the  cause  of  allurement 
for  fowls,  especially  during  the  winter  months-  This  place 
will  doubtless  in  the  future  acquire  great  importance  as  afford- 
ing a  healthy  and  pleasant  place  of  summer  resort. 

The  main  body  of  water  issues  from  a  large  cavernous  open- 
ing, forty  yards  in  circumference,  and  boils  up  with  a  constant 
flow,  at  the  rate  of  8000  barrels  per  minute.  It  affords  valu- 
able water  power  for  general  manuiaeturing  purposes. 


THE  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS 


May  be  considered  under  two  general  beads,  as  consisting  of, 
first,  ber  natural  productions,  with  the  industries  of  wbich  they 
afford  a  basis,  and,  second,  ber  actual  and  possible  products  of 
cultivation,  with  the  industries  and  traffic  for  which  they  do  or 
can  furnish  the  raw  materials.  We  will  consider  first  ber  nat- 
ural productions,  under  the  several  heads  of  "  Forest  Growths," 
"Mines  and  Mineral  Eesources,"  "Agricultural  Eesources,'' 
and  "Textile  Products." 

FOREST    GROWTHS. 

We  need  only  name  ber  sister  states,  Maine,  Minnesota  and 
Wisconsin,  as  familiar  instances  of  the  vast  wealth  to  be 
drawn  from  the  forests  alone.  Maine  with  the  ocean  for 
ber  highway,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  with  the  Missis- 
sippi for  theirs,  have  each  reaped  their  yearly  millions  of 
tribute  money  from  regions  more  favored,  perhaps,  in  other 
respects,  but  deficient  in  this;  and  they  have  done  it  with  but 
two  varieties  of  timber  as  their  capital — the  white  pine  and 
the  hemlock,  or  spruce  pine.  Granting  that  for  some  uses  our 
pine  is  inferior  to  theirs,  it  is  for  others  as  much  better;  and 
foot  for  foot,  all  uses  considered,  is  equally  valuable.  If  that, 
seasoning  more  rapidly  and  lighter  when  seasoned  than  ours, 
is  better  adapted  to  inside  ceilings  or  the  manufacture  of  doors 
and  sash,  our  native  growth  is  its  superior  for  floors,  shipbuild- 
ing and  framing  timbers  from  its  greater  hardness  and  strength ; 
while  as  to  comparative  beauty  of  grain  when  finished  in  its 
native  color  simply  with  oil  and  varnish,  either  for  furniture 
or  interior  decorations,  the  comparison   is  unquestionably  in 


EESOUKCES   OF   ARKANSAS.  19 


our  favor,  as  specimens  of  both,  manufactured  in  Little  llock, 
will  show.  As  to  their  hemlock  swamps,  our  cypress  brakes 
will  match  them  in  area  and  more  than  match  them  in  the 
quality  and  value  of  the  timber  they  can  produce. 

In  our  yellow  pine  and  cypress,  then,  we  have  the  full  equiva- 
lents of  their  total  resources  for  consumption  or  export,  while 
we  have  left,  adapted  to  either  purpose,  an  equal  amount  of 
oak,  ash,  pecan,  hickory,  sycamore  and  gum,  which  are  all 
commercially  valuable  apart  from  their  home  uses.  To  this 
list  of  lumber-producing  trees  should  be  added  the  vast  amount 
of  walnut  in  our  state,  hardly  inferior  to  mahogany  or  rose- 
wood in  beauty  or  value,  and  the  splendid  poplar  of  our  north- 
eastern counties.  Nor  should  we  forget  our  cotton  wood,  which, 
if  it  does  not  yield  merchantable  lumber,  is  largel}'  available 
for  fencing,  fuel,  rough  lumber  for  outbuildings,  and  other 
home  uses. 

We  need  not  lengthen  the  list  with  cedar,  mulberry  and  a 
host  of  others,  notwithstanding  their  value  for  domestic  uses. 
The  mention  of  our  leading  growths  alone  is  sufficient  to  show 
that  in  value  and  variety  we  have  no  cause  to  fear  a  comparison 
of  our  lumber  resources  with  states  that  have,  as  already  re- 
marked, grown  rich  from  this  one  source  with  but  two  kinds 
of  timber  against  our  widely-varied  list.  And  if  these  states 
choose  to  claim  a  value  we  have  not  mentioned  in  their  hem- 
lock— for  the  uses  of  its  bark  in  tanning—we  can  double  that 
in  the  bark  of  our  oaks  for  the  same  purpose,  and  add  its  com- 
mercial value  for  export  as  quercitron,  which  it  is  when  rossed 
and  ground.  In  that  shape  it  commands  a  price  that  will  bear 
transportation  to  any  part  of  the  United  States,  or  even  to 
Europe,  which  the  hemlock  bai-k  will  not.  In  this  connection 
we  ought  not  to  forget  another  product,  M'hich,  though  too 
small  for  consideration  as  timber,  is  still  entitled  to  be  rankert 
as  a  "resource"  from  its  extensive  use  in  the  arts  and  manu- 
factures, and  consequent  commercial  value.  We  mean  sumac, 
or"shumake''  as  it  is  generally  called,  equal  to  the  Sicilian 
product  in  quality,  and,  when  properly  handled,  commanding 
an  equal  price  in  the  eastern  markets — from  $90  to  $150  per 


IIESOURCES  OF    AEKANSAS. 


ton;  and  witli  a  wide  demand,  based  on  its  uses  in  tanning, 
dyeing  and  calico  printing,  there  is  hardly  a  county  in  the 
state  in  which  a  thousand  tons  do  not  annually  grow  and  go  to 
waste.  Yet  its  value  and  salableness  are  ascertain  as  those  of 
cotton  or  corn,  as  any  one  can  see  by  consulting  the  market 
quotations  of  drugs  a.nd  dyestufl's  in  any  of  our  Atlantic  com- 
mercial cities.  It  derives  additional  value  as  a  resource  from 
the  fact  that  it  thrives  without  care  or  culture  in  fence  corners 
and  waste  places,  or  can  be  grown  to  any  extent  on  the  southern 
exposure  of  hillsides  and  mountain  land,  available  for  few 
other  uses.  There  are,  also,  other  minor  articles  indigenous 
to' our  forests  from  v/hich  no  small  income  might  be  derived, 
owing  to  their  uses  in  the  preparation  of  medicines,  essential 
oils,  etc.  Some  of  these  have  long  ranked  as  articles  of  com- 
merce, foreign  and  domestic.  Among  them  we  may  name 
ginseng,  a  staple  item  of  our  Chinese  trade,  blackroot,  bood- 
root  or  Sanguinarki  Canadensis,  May  apple  or  Podoplnjllmn 
jidtatam,  suakeroot,  prickly  ash,  and  slippery  elm — all  of 
which,  in  their  crude  state,  or  in  the  shape  of  concentrated  ex- 
tracts, are  extensively  used  in  medical  preparations  of  recog- 
nized value,  and  still  more  extensively  in  patent  or  quack 
remedies. 

From  this  exhibit  it  will  be  seen  that  our  forest  resources 
are  of  the  most  ample  and  varied  character.  It  only  remains 
to  consider,  in  general  terms,  the  area  over  which  the  pro- 
duction of  some  leading  articles  extends,  with  our  natural 
facilities  for  their  conversion  into  merchantable  shapes  and 
their  transportation  to  market,  when  we  may  dismiss  this 
branch  of  our  subject. 

The  Arkansas  river  divides  the  pine  region  somewhat  une- 
qually, but  from  its  initial  point  on  either  side  it  extends  north, 
south  and  up  stream  to  the  limits  of  the  state.  On  the  south 
side,  beginning  at  Pine  Bluft*,  it  extends  southwardly  to  Louisi- 
ana and  Texas,  and  is  limited  on  the  west  by  the  Choctaw  line; 
while  north  of  the  river,  beginning  at  Little  Rock,  and  bounded 
eastwardly  by  a  line  running  from  the  capital  through  Bates- 
ville  to  our  northern  boundary  it  reaches  west  to  the  limits  of 


KESOUECES  OF    AKKANSAS.  21 


the  state.  It  is  true  that  only  a  small  portion  of  this  vast  area 
is  exclusively  pine  land,  and  equally  true  that  much  of  it,  espe- 
cially the  river  bottoms,  produce  none;  but  on  nearly  all  the 
uplands  included  within  these  limits  it  is  a  prominent  growth, 
and  in  many  sections  it  is  the  predominant  one. 

Mingled  with  the  pine,  usually,  are  oak,  hickory,  dogwood, 
sumac,  sassafras  and  gum,  skirting  the  small  streams,  while 
north  of  the  Arkansas  river  the  elm,  beech  and  sugar  maple 
are  found  both  within  and  outside  the  pine  regions.  The  bot- 
toms, which  yield  no  pine,  produce  oak,  hickory,  pecan,  ash, 
walnut,  sycamore  and  cypress  in  exhaustless  quantities,  besides 
mulberry  and  cottonwood  in  abundance,  and  their  full  share 
of  the  medicinal  shrubs  and  plants  already  mentioned.  East, 
on  the  lines  which  bound  the  pine  region,  we  have  the  poplar 
in  the  northeast,  with  c^qDress  and  the  other  bottom  growths  in 
the  utmost  profusion.  A  limited  area,  not  exceeding  five  per 
cent  of  the  state,  including  prairie  and  what  are  known  as 
"brush  barrens,"  may  be  considered  practically  destitute  of 
timber;  but  this  local  and  limited  scarcity  only  adds  value  to 
the  general  abundance.  But  while  both  for  extent  and  value 
our  forest  resources  may  claim  a  high  place,  their  worth  is  in- 
creased by  the  thousand  miles  of  navigab'e  streams  which 
afford  them  outlets  to  the  Mississippi  through  the  St.  Francis, 
Cache,  White,  Black,  Little  Red,  Arkansas,  Saline,  Ouachita, 
Little  Missouri  and  Red  rivers.  The  lateral  tributaries  of  all 
these  streams  afford,  at  certain  seasons,  not  only  the  means  of 
floating  to  the  navigable  streams  a  large  share  of  the  timber 
which  grows  between  them,  but  they  furnish  also  hundreds  of 
mill  sites  and  water  powers  to  drive  lumber-manufacturing  or 
other  machinery.  Considered  in  all  respects,  including  extent, 
variety  and  quality,  our  forest  growths,  in  connection  with  the 
facilities  afforded  by  our  navigable  streams  and  their  distribu- 
tion for  reaching  the  great  markets  of  the  world,  a§  well  as 
the  wide  extent  of  country  which  can  be  drained  through 
their  tributaries  and  the  manufacturing  facilities  which  these 
tributaries  afibrd,  we  may  safely  claim,  in  the  combination,  a 
class  ot  resources  hardly  surpassed  in  the  world.     They  are 


22  KE90UKCES   OF   ARKANSAS. 

ample  in  themselves,  as  elements  of  an  export  trade  in  both 
raw  and  manufactured  materials,  vrith  the  collateral  home  in- 
dustries they  can  sustain,  to  employ  profitably  for  a  generation 
a  larger  population  than  the  state  contains.  To  this  state  the 
west  and  northwest  must,  in  time,  come  for  its  timber  and 
wood;  and  one  of  the  great  freights  in  the  future  will  be  these 
forest  products.  Yet  with  this  variety  of  excellent  timber 
very  little  has  been  done  toward  turning  it  to  a  profitable  ac- 
count in  manufacturing.  This  state  pays  out  annually  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars  for  the  single  article  of  wagons, 
every  dollar  of  which  should  be  earned  and  kept  in  the  state. 
There  are  not  to-day  a  dozen  wagon  factories  in  the  entire 
state;  nor  a  plow  factory  at  all  commensurate  with  the  needs 
of  the  people. 


MINES   AND   MINERAL  RESOURCES. 

If  less  in  some  directions  than  those  of  other  states,  are 
still  ample  to  give  assurance  of  profitable  and  divei*sified 
employment  to  a  considerable  population  and  capital.  Even 
our  mountain  crystals,  intrinsically  the  least  valuable  in  our 
list,  command,  from  their  beauty  and  rarity,  in  other  quarters 
a  remunerative  and  considerable,  as  well  as  growing,  sale  to 
travelers,  geological  cabinets  and  visitors  at  our  springs,  which, 
whether  thermal,  mineral  or  saline,  seem  fairly  entitled  to 
notice  here,  both  because  of  their  mineral  origin  or  qualities 
and  their  right  to  rank  as  natural  resources. 

If  our  hot  springs,  and  those  impregnated  with  iron,  sul- 
phur or  other  materials  of  recognized  medical  efficiency,  send 
forth  noVaters  which  can  be  bottled  and  sold,  they  are  still 
resources  in  a  two-fold  sense:  First,  for  the  relief  or  cure  of 
our  own  diseases ;  and  secondly,  in  the  throngs  of  health  and 
pleasure-seekers  they  attract,  with  their  attendant  disburse- 
ments of  money. 


KESOURCES   OF   AEKANSAS.  23 


Then,  too,  our  saline  waters  are  of  proved  capacity  for  the 
production  of  large  amounts  of  that  indispensable  article  the 
salt  of  commerce  and  domestic  use.  If  we  cannot  in  this 
respect  rival  the  immense  production  or  resulting  wealth  of 
New  York  or  Cracow,  we  are  sure  at  least  of  a  home  supply 
and  a  respectable  quantity  for  export  whenever  skill  and  capi- 
tal shall  be  applied,  as  they  can  be  profitably,  to  this  pursuit. 
The  full  extent  of  our  saline  resources  is  by  no  means  ascer- 
tained; but  we  do  know  that  brines  rich  enough  to  repay 
evaporation  are  found  abundantly  in  various  portions  of  the 
state,  and  their  existence  points  to  that  of  solid  salt  deposits, 
through  which  the  waters  must  run  or  from  which  they  must 
originate.  If  the  only  partially-saturated  waters  from  \fhich 
we  aow  produce  this  indispensable  article  can  be  made,  as 
they  are,  a  profitable  source  of  supply,  what  may  we  laot 
©xpejct  when  capital  and  experience  shall  enable  us,  as  at  som« 
future  day  tbey  will,  to  reach  the  beds  themselves  and  either 
mine  the  solid  crystals  or  use  none  but  saturated  brines? 

Our  vast  quarries  of  slate,  novuculite  or  whetstone  rock, 
limestone  and  marble  may  be  fairly  counted  as  among  our 
permanent  and  valuable  resources.  Except  the  novaculite  or 
whetstone  rocks  none  of  these  have  been  worked  to  any  con- 
siderable extent,  but  their  existence  here  of  good  quality,  in 
quantities  sufficient  for  any  home  or  export  demand,  is  too 
well  settled  for  question.  They  are  here,  so  many  elements  of 
varied  and  profitable  industry.  Iron,  in  difterent  kinds  of  ore, 
is  known  to  exist  in  various  parts  of  the  state  in  quantities 
more  than  sufficient  for  any  home  demand. 

The  existence  of  coal  and  lignite  is  well  ascertained  over 
large  areas  within  the  state  in  paying  quantities;  and  they 
must,  at  no  distant  day,  become  important  resources  of  trade, 
domestic  use  and  manufactures.  The  late  I>r.  Owen,  state 
geologist,  says:  "Arkansas  contains  twelve  thousand  square 
miles  of  coal.  Coal  has  already  been  found  and  surveyed  in 
twelve  counties.  The  combustible  mineral  is  rendered  more 
valuable  because  the  coal  basin  is  situated  along  the  Arkansas 
river,  and  on  both  sides  of  it.     Washington,  Crawford,  Sebas- 


24  EESOUECES   OF   ARKANSAS. 

tian,  Franklin,  Scott,  Sarber,  Johnson,  Yell,  Pope,  Perry, 
Conway,  White  and  Pulaski  counties  are  almost  entirely  situ- 
ated in  the  coal  basin  of  Arkansas,  and  its  productive  strata 
may  yet  be  extended  into  some  of  the  adjacent  counties  when 
the  combustible  material  shall  become  valuable  enough  to 
encourage  explorations  by  boring."  Again  he  says :  "  The  coal 
region  of  Sebastian  count}^  has  the  thickest  veins  of  any  in 
the  state."  The  veins  are  from  three  to  six  feet  thick,  and 
from  six  to  twenty  feet  under  the  surface.  And  it  should  be 
remembered  that  this  comprises  the  upper  coal  measure,  leav- 
ing the  middle  and  lower  to  be  yet  explored. 

The  following  is  a  chemical  analysis  of  a  specimen  taken 
from  the  upper  member  of  a  five-foot  vein  at  Green's  bank, 
in  Sebastian  county: 


Volatile  matter 13.75 

Cok« 86.25 


100.00 


Water 1.40 

Gas 12..35 

i'ixed  carbon 82.25 

Aihes,  flesh  color 4.00 

100.00 


This  coal  swells  up  considerably  in  coking.  The  analysis 
proves  this  coal  to  be  semi-bituminous  and  lar  richer  in  fixtd 
carbon  than  most  of  the  coal  in  the  western  states,  and  there- 
fore, of  course,  twice  as  durable  in  the  fire  with  proper  access 
of  air.  It  contains  just  enough  volatile  combustible  matter 
to  keep  it  ignited  without  the  artificial  blast  required  for 
anthracite. 

The  great  lead  belt  of  the  United  States  is  known  to  extend 
diagonally  across  the  state.  Paying  deposits  are  well-settled 
facts  at  many  points  along  its  course,  and  some  of  these  are 
known  to  be  rich  enough  in  silver  to  leave  the  lead  as  a  clear 
profit,  after  paying  all  expenses  of  mining,  smelting,  separation 
and  marketing. 

Where  the  ore  has  been  mined,  the  lead  is  represented  as 
lying  in  pockets,  or  crevices  in  the  rocks,  and  not  in  regular 
veins.  This  is  the  condition  in  which  the  ore  is  also  found  at 
the  Granby  mines  in  Xewton  county,  Missouri— the  richest 
lead  mines  in  the  west — not  only  from  the  manner  in  which 


EESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  25 

the  ore  occurs  in  the  rocks  of  Missouri,  but*  it  has  also  the 
same  geological  horizon  and  the  same  associated  minerals. 
From  what  is  known  of  this  part  of  the  state  there  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  valuable  deposits  of  lead  ore  will  be 
found  in  the  counties  of  AVashington,  Benton,  Madison,  New- 
ton, Carroll,  Marion,  Searcy,  Izard,  Independence,  Lawrence 

and  Randolph.  A  vein  of  argentiferous  galena  occurs  oni 
Kellogg  creek  in  Pulaski  county. 

BELLAH  LEAD  AND  SILVER  MIKES, 

Situated  in  Sevier  county — believed  to  be  an  extension  of  the' 
Kellogg  vein  in  Pulaski  county — gives  promise  of  great  pro- 
ductiveness. The  argentiferous  galena  from  this  mine  has 
been  analyzed  with  the  following  results :  The  average  yield 
of  lead,  73  per  cent.  A  ton  of  lead  yielded  52|-  ounces  of 
silver. 

Fire,  pipe  and  potter's  clay,  as  well  as  kaolin,  are  abundant 
and  unsurpaEsed  in  quality.  And  gypsum  (or  plaster  of  paris) 
has  been  found  in  quantity  sufficient  to  meet  a  large  demand. 

The  existence  of  nitre  caves  and  nitrous  earths  has  loug 
been  known,  and  the  recent  war  proved  them  rich  and  exten- 
sive enough  to  take  high  rank  among  our  resources  for  both 
war  and  peace. 

Copper  and  zinc  is  known  to  be  among  our  minerals,  and 
the  presence  of  tin  is  more  than  suspected.  Of  the  extent 
and  value  of  the  last-mentioned  deposits  we  know  too  little  to 
assign  it  a  high  rank. 

Our  manganese  deposits  are  entitled  to  notice  from  their 
known  extent  and  richness,  as  well  as  the  wide  and  growing 
demand  for  this  ore  in  the  arts.  Nor  should  we,  for  like  rea- 
sons, omit  our  ochres  i;nd  pai^u-earths,  or  forget  our  vast 
deposits  of  white  sand — so  ,Voil  adapted  to  glass-making. 

This  statement  of  our  mineral  resources  is  far  from  com- 
plete, and  necessarily  lacks  exactness  from  want  of  sufficient 
data.  So  little  has  been  done  in  the  way  of  ascertaining  their 
extent,  and  so  much  less  in  that  of  their  development,  that 
neither  precision  nor  fullness  is  yet  possible  in  such  an  article  ; , 
3 


-26  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

but  enough  is  known  to  warrant  the  belief  that  they  have  not 
been  ov^erstated  and  may  be  relied  on  as  sure  foundations  for 
industries  and  commerce  ample  to  support  an  added  popula- 
tion greater  than  we  have.  In  the  description  of  the  counties 
of  the  state  will  be  found  the  minerals,  named,  that  are 
known  to  exist  in  each  county. 

"We  will  close  this  list  by  reference  to  our  rich  and  exten- 
eive  marl  beds,  which,  from  their  value  as  fertilizers,  are  enti- 
tled to  mention,  and  afford  a  fitting  opportunitj*  to  pass  to  the 
^consideration  of  our  agricultural  resources. 


AGRICULTURAL  RESOURCES. 

Under  this  head  we  shall  group  both  our  actual  and  possible 
productions.  These  we  shall  consider  as  textile  growths  and 
food  products — discussing  the  latter  first,  on  the  principle  that 
food,  as  the  prime  pbysical  uecessit}'  of  the  race,  outranks  by 
right  all  other  productions. 

Experience  warrants  the  assumption  that  we  can  grow  prof- 
itably almost  every  variety  of  food  that  obtains  between 
Alaska  and  the  tropics.  Not  only  corn,  but  all  the  cereals 
ef  the  Union — including  even  rice —have  baen  grown  enough 
rto  prove  our  ability  to  m.ake  them  articles  ot  export  instead  of 
.purchase,  if  we  choose  to  cultivate  them,  and  the  same  holds 
true  of  all  the  leading  root-crops  and  fruits  ;  and  with  these 
.as  a  basis,  the  production  of  our  meat  supply  is  an  assured 
;possibiUty. 

If  we  cannot  grow  the  cane  of  the  gulf  coast,  we  can  supple- 
-ment  it  with  the  sorghum  and  sugar  beet.  And — excepting 
Ktea,  cotfoe,  spices,  and  a  i'cw  tropical  or  semi-tropical  fruits — 
.almost  every  edible  product  between  Canada  and  the  equator 
ds  withiR  our  capacity  so  far  as  concerns  soil  and  climate. 

It  is  simply  a  question  of  economy  and  convenience  whether 
we  shall  produce  or  purchase  our  food  supplies.     In  the  past 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  27 

it  has  been  considered  more  convenient,  at  least,  to  be  pur- 
chasers than  producers,  and  to  devote  our  attention  to  other 
crops  At  present  the  tendency — and  it  is  believed  a  wise  one — 
is  toward  their  production,  on  the  score  of  both  certainty  and 
economy.  Time  and  experience  will — as  they  alone  can — 
decide  the  point;  but  pending  the  solution,  we  may  safely 
count  among  our  resources  the  ability  to  produce — with  a 
wide  export  nsargin,  and  without  reducing  oar  cotton  produc- 
tion, food  enough  to  meet  every  demand  of  a  population  ten- 
fold greater  than  we  posses?. 

From  this  topic  we  pass  to  the  consideration  of  our 

TEXTILE    PRODUCTS. 

Of  these,  it  is  known  tliat  we  can  grow  cotton,  hemp,  jute 
ramie  or  China  grass,  and  flax  ;  and  can  produce  both  silk  and 
v/ool.  But  cotton  alone  is  produced  to  an  extent  that  enables 
us  to  rank  it  as  a  resource  in  hand.  Hemp  has,  in  a  few 
eases,  been  cultivated  as  a  crop,  and  proved  to  be  no  less  prof- 
itable than  cotton,  as  the  yield  was  large  and  prices  generally 
kept  pace  with  those  of  cotton.  Our  ability  to  grow  these 
products  is,  however,  well  settled,  and  if  we  cannot  count  them 
as  resources  in  hand,  we  may  safely  reckon  them  as  within  our 
reach.  Nor  is  the  value  limited,  when  we  choose  to  draw  on 
them,  to  that  of  the  raw  products,  but  includes  the  diversified 
pursuits  and  traffic  whicli  their  manufacture  and  transportation 
will  employ.  Even  their  cnltivation  of  the  raw  product  would 
increase  the  average  yearly  value  of  our  growths,  by  increasing 
the  certainty  ot  having  a  surplus  of  some,  even  when  the  sea- 
son is  unfavorable  for  others.  It  is  folly  to  stake  all  on  a 
single  crop,  subject  to  numerous  causes  of  failure,  when  we 
can  as  easily  divide  the  risks  between  half  a  dozen  of  equal 
productiveness  and  value,  no  two  of  which  are  subject  to  the 
same  causes  of  failure.  Each  additional  crop  cultivated  is  at 
least  another  chance  against  disaster,  if  not  for  increased 
profit. 

The  limit  of  value  we  can  expect  to  reach  in  textiles,  as  raw 
materials,  may  be  measured  in  part,  but  only  in  part,  from  what 


RESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


we  have  done  in  the  single  staple  we  do  raise  as  a  crop.  Of 
cotton  we  have  produced  in  a  single  year  over  three  hundred 
thousand  bales,  worth  twenty  millions  of  dollars,  and  this  with 
not  over  a  tenth  of  onr  cotton  area  in  cultivation  for  that  pur- 
pose ;  at  least,  those  lamiliar  with  the  subject  assert  that  four- 
fifths  of  our  cotton  lands  are  yet  in  the  woods,  and  it  is  thought 
safe  to  assume  that,  between  scarcity  of  labor  and  the  necessity 
as  well  as  growing  tendency  to  cultivate  other  crops,  not  more 
than  half  the  cleared  cotton  lands  are  at  any  one  time  given  to 
that  crop.  This  estimate  would  give  a  yearly  producing  ca- 
pacity, when  fully  developed,  of  three  millions  of  bales,  worth 
two  hundred  millions  of  dollars — surely  no  small  resource  for 
a  single  state.  And  it  is  believed  we  can  reach  this  enormous 
ofrowth  of  the  various  textiles  named,  if  not  of  cotton  alone,  as 
the  money  value  per  acre  of  the  others  is  little,  if  any,  below 
that  of  cotton  itself. 

There  yet  remains  a  list  of  products  which,  though  not  be- 
longing to  either  of  the  classes  named,  are  so  clearly  within  our 
ability  to  grow,  and  commercially  so  valuable,  that  they  can- 
not be  omitted  from  our  list  of  resources  without  injustice. 

Tobacco  and  the  castor  bean  can  be  grown  at  a  profit  in  al- 
most any  portion  of  the  state,  and  our  bottom  lands,  at  least, 
will  produce  large  and  remunerative  crops  of  indigo,  madder 
and  broom  corn,  with  the  mention  of  which  we  close  the  list. 
The  summing  up  will  show  that  our  lumber  and  other  forest 
resources,  with  our  facilities  for  making  them  available,  entitle 
us  to  claim  rank  with  any  other  state  in  that  direction — that 
our  mineral  resources  will  bear  comparison  with  any,  and  sur- 
pass those  of  most  of  tlie  older  states  in  abundancy  and 
variety. 

That  our  agricultural  resources — including  food  products, 
textile  materials  and  a  wide  range  of  unclassified  but  com- 
mercially valuable  articles — are  of  the  highest  order;  and 
that,  altogether,  we  may  justly  feel  a  loyal  pride  in  the 
resources  of  and  the  prospects  which  await  in  the  near  future 
oar  state. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  29 

STATE    PRODUCTS,    ETC. 

Iq  1860  the  cash  value  of  farms  and  farming  tools  was  esti- 
mated at  $100,000,000.  Live  stock  was  valued  at  $22,000,000. 
The  state  produced,  as  near  as  can  be  ascertained,  367,000 
bales  of  cotton,  1,000,000  pounds  of  tobacco,  500,000  bushels 
of  oats,  18,000,000  bushels  of  corn,  80,000  bushels  of  rye, 
1,000,000  bushels  of  wheat,  600,000  bushels  of  peas  and  beans, 
500,000  bushels  of  Irish  potatoes,  1,500,000  bushels  of  sweet 
potatoes,  4,000,000  pounds  of  butter,  and  1,000,000  pounds  of 
honey. 

The  value  of  slaughtered  animals  in  the  same  year  amounted 
to  $4,000,000. 

In  the  same  year  Arkansas  had  518  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, with  a  capital  of  $1,316,610.  The  annual  product 
was  $2,880,578 ;  the  cost  of  labor  $554,240,  and  of  raw  mate- 
rial $1,280,503— leaving  a  profit  of  $1,055,835,  or  80  per  cent, 
on  the  capital.  Over  three  fourths  of  this  production  consisted 
of  lumber,  flour,  meal  and  leather.  Since  which  time  manu- 
factures, especially  of  lumber,  have  largely  increased.  From 
1850  to  1860  the  increase  in  value  of  sawed  and  planed  lumber 
in  Arkansas  was  1000  per  cent. 

In  1870  there  were  in  the  state  1864  manufactories,  with  a 
capital  of  $2,187,738;  700  steam  engines  of  6980  horse-power  ; 
134  water-wheels  with  1599  horse-power;  employing  4133 
males  above  16  years  old,  48  females,  adult,  and  271  youth. 
Wages  paid  during  the  year,  $754  950.  Value  of  materials 
used,  $4,823,651.  Of  products,  $7,699,676.  At  the  same  date 
there  were  also  283  establishments  for  ginning  cotton,  with  a 
capital  of  $344,825;  35  leather  establishments,  such  as  tan- 
neries, etc.,  with  a  capital  of  $32,100;  312  saw-mills,  with  a 
capital  of  $694,400;  13  wool  carding  mills— capital,  $32,f00; 
272  grist-mills— capital,  $477,151. 


30 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


CROPS  OF  ARKANSAS — 1871. 


Amount  of  crop. 

Av.  yield 
per  acre. 

Value  per 
bushel,  ton  or  pound. 

Total  value 
of crop. 

Indian  corn    bushels 25  000  000 

...    3U  ... 

$     80  

$20,000,000 
1,620,300 

Wheat  bushels 1,500,000 

....    10k... 

1    30  

Rye  bushels 41  600 

....   18^.... 

1    00  

41,600 

Oats,  bushels 671,000 

Potatoes  bushels 450,000 

...    23k... 

C2  

416,020 

....109  .... 

1   07   

481,500 

Tobacco,  pounds 2,225,000 

Hay,  tons 10,200 

...  666     ... 

15J 

340  425 

....     U.... 

15   00  

153,000 

AVERAGE  CASH  VALUE  PER  ACRE- 


Indian  corn $25  44 

Wheat 14  04 

Rye 18  20 

Oats 14  63 

Cotton,  about 60  00 


Barley 

Buckwheat 

Potatoes $116  G3 

Hay 22  50 

Tobacco 101  89 


Total  av.  value  for  all  crops  excepting  cotton  in  Arkansas,  per  acre $24  34 

Here  let  ii3  call  attention  to  a  comparative  table,  whicli  is 
significant  to  all : 

TOTAL  AVERAGE   CASH    VALUE    OF   STAPLE    CROPS    FOR  1870  IN  THE 
FOLLOWING   STATES. 


Per  Acre. 

Maryland $15  71 

Virginia 13  55 

North  Carolina 12  87 

South  Carolina 10  26 

Georgia 12  54 

Florida 14  63 

Alabama 16  31 

Mis.sissippi 16  50 

Louisiana 25  49 


Per  Acre. 

Texas $18  12 

Tennessee 12  25 

West  Virginia 16  03 

Kentucky 15  00 

Missouri 14  17 

Illinois 12  03 

Indiana 13  61 

Ohio 17  03 

Arkansas 24  34 


We  might  extend  this  showing  still  further,  but  do  not  deem 
it  necessary,  as  the  table  is  accessible  to  all  of  our  readers  who 
are  interested  to  make  still  further  comparisons.  Suffice  it  to 
say  that  of  the  thirty-seven  states  only  eight  m?.ke  a  better 
showing  than  Arkansas  in  the  table  from  which  we  quote. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


31 


STOCK  OF  ARKANSAS 1871. 


Descript'uni. 


Horseg 

Mules 

Oxen  and  other  cattle 

Milch  cows 

Sheep 

ilogs 


No. 


138,100 
07,900 
221,900 
132,000 
135,000 
803,000 


Average  price. 


$73  98 
93  51 
11  82 
22   14 

2  32 

3  28 


Total  Value 


$10,216,638 
6,349,329 
2,622,858. 
2,935,764 
313,200' 
2,8;^2,608 


TABLE  SHOWING  THE    NUMBER    OF  ACRES    TO*  EACH  STAFLE  IN  1870. 


Ac7-es. 

Corn 786,163 

Wheat 115,833 

Rye 2,285 

Oats 28,432 

Total  number  acre* 


Acre-i. 

Potatoes 4,1 2H-. 

Tobacco 3,34(1' 

Hay 6,800 

Cotton — acreage  not  given. 

947,981 


CENSUS  RErORT. 

TABLE  Showing  the  A/jrlculiural  S^aHsiics  of  ihe  State  for  the  Year  1870. 


Improved  land,  number  of  acres  in  farms 

Woodland,  number  of  acres  in  farms 

Other  unimproved  land,  number  of  acres 

Cash  value  of  farms 

Implements  and  machinery 

Wages  paid,  inckiding  board 

Total  value  of  farm  productions 

Orchard  products 

Market  garden  products 

.Forest  products 

Value  of  home  manufiictures 

Value  of  animals  slaughtered  or  sold  for  slaughter 

Value  of  all  live  stock 

Number  of  horses 

Number  of  m.ules  and  asses 

Number  of  milch  cows 

Number  of  working  oxen 

Number  of  other  catde 

Number  of  sheep 

Number  of  swine 

AVheat,  spring,  bushels 

Wheat,  winter,  bushels 


Amount. 


1,859.821 

.3,910,325 

1,827^150 

$40,029,698 

2,237,409 

4,001,962 

40,701,099 

157,219 

55,697 

34,235- 

807,583 

.3,843,923 

17,222,506 

92.013- 

36;202. 

128,959 

35,387 

193,580' 

101,077 

841,129 

72,347 

669,389 


32 


EESOURCES   OF   ARKANSAS. 


Table  Showing    the   Agricultural   Statistics  of  the   State   for   the    Vear    1870- 

(Continued.) 


Amount. 


Eye,  bushels 

Indian  corn,  bushels 

Oats,  bushels 

Barley,  bushels 

Buckwheat,  bushels 

Eice,  pounds 

Tobacco,  pounds 

Wool,  pounds 

Cotton,  bales 

Peas  and  beans,  bushels 

Potatoes,  li-i.'sh,  bushels 

Potatoes,  sweet,  bu.shels 

Wine,  gallons 

Butter,  pounds 

■Cheese,  pounds 

Milk  sold,  gallons 

Hay,  tons 

Clover  seed,  bushels 

Grass  seed,  bushels 

Hops,  pounds 

Plax,  pounds 

Flax  seed,  bushels 

Cane  sugar,  hogsheads 

Maple  sugar,  poun ds 

Cane  molasses,  gallons 

Sorghum  molasses,  gallons 

JMaple  molasses,  gallons 

Beeswax,  pounds 

Honey,  pounds 

ISTumber  of  acres  of  improved  land  in  farms  in  18.j0 

Number  of  acres  of  improved  land  in  farms  in  1860 

Number  of  acres  of  improved  land  in  farms  in  1870 

Number  of  acres  of  unimproved  land  in  farms  in  1850 

Number  of  acres  of  unimproved  land  in  farms  in  1860 

Number  of  acres  of  unimproved  land  in  farms  in  1870 

Total  number  of  farms  in  18r>0 

Total  number  of  farms  in  1860 

Total  number  of  farms  in  1870 

Average  size  of  farms  in  1850,  acres 

Average  size  of  farms  in  1860,  acres 

Average  size  of  farms  in  1870,  acres 

Number  of  farms,  3  acres  and  under  10  acres,  in  1860 

Number  of  farms,  3  acres  and  under  10  acres,  in  1870 

Number  of  farms,  10  acres  and  under  20  acres,  in  1860 

Number  of  farms,  10  acres  and  under  20  acres,  in  1870 

Number  of  fiirm.s,  20  acres  and  under  50  acres,  in  1860 

Number  of  farms,  20  acres  and  under  50  acres,  in  1870 

Number  of  farms,  50  acie^  and  under  100  acres,  in  1860 

Number  of  farms,  50  acres  and  under  100  acres,  in  1870 

Number  of  farms,  100  acres  and  under  500  acres,  in  1860... 
Number  of  farms,  100  acres  and  under  500  acres,  in  1870.., 
Number  of  farms,  500  acres  and  under  1000  acres,  in  I860., 
Number  of  farms,  500  acres  and  under  1000  acres,  in  1870., 

Numl)er  of  farms,  1000  acres  and  over,  in  1860 

Number  of  farms,  1000  acres  and  over,  in  1870 


27.645 

3,382,145 

528,777 

1,921 

226 

73,021 

594,886 

214,784 

248,968 

47,376 

432,196 

890,631 

3,743 

2,753.931 

2^119 

31,350 

6,839 

42 

143 

25 

420 

104 

92 

1,185 

72,008 

147,203 

75 

12,789 

276,824 

781,530 

1,983,313 

1.859,821 

1.816,684 

7'590,393 

5,737,475 

17,758 

39,004 

49,424 

146 

245 

154 

1,823 

5,556 

6,075 

11,744 


20,853 

6,957 

7,640 

4,231 

3,465 

307 

133 

69 

33 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


33 


LEADING   PRODUCTS. 

TABLE  Showing   ihe    Cotton,    Corn,    Wheat   and  Potato    Crops   hy   Counties- 
Census  Report,   1870. 


COUNTIES. 

Cotton, 
bales. 

Corn, 
bush. 

Wheat, 
bush. 

Potatoes, 
bush. 

12,315 
7,8.56 
5,177 

206 
2,593 
17 
10,187 
6,531 
5,565 
3,954 
1,298 
2,366 
6,841 
1,719 
2,555 
8,166 
6,661 
4,796 

276 
1,145 

983 
10,664 

843 

■    5,013 

1,568 

3,996 

18,390 

4,489 

9,752 

1,023 

4,966 

8 

302 
3,587 
7,334 

273 

217,450 
201,905 
222,825 
340,046 
341,042 
102,705 
172,696 

85,462 
356,428 
245,388 
269,945 
122,395 
237,702 

76,340 

77,408 
124,449 

94,797 
222,140 
323,444 
141,925 
105,654 
208,352 
683,425 
196,848 
508,005 
303,242 
11.5,215 
303,125 
275,185 
247,004 

47,450 
136,500 
374,171 
115,169 
120,700 
184,358 

93,739 
169,825 
2  79,859 

85,115 
293,849 
122,358 

30,670 

75,883 
225,152 

81,618 
516,519 
265,990 
186,040 
304,408 
263,812 

200 
243 
4,726 
84,779 
41,645 
255 
20,438 

45,925 

Ashley 

38,828 

Bradley 

53,451 

Benton 

28,461 

Boone 

22,421 

Calhoun 

1.3,756 

7,834 

Chicot         

5,148 

Clark 

4,832 
3,149 
9,439 
7,619 
9,746 

36,916 

53,324 

23,277 

18,962 

26,078 

6,064 

Cross 

513 

435 

380 

8,828 

13,085 

18,491 

3,658 

10,890 

1,008 

5,796 

38,653 

20,046 

940 

232 

13,954 

74 

285 

8,696 

Dallas 

15,135 

18,428 

36,245 

37,009 

Fulton  

6,447 

drant  

24,825 

20,595 

47,802 

21,394 

Independence 

39,057 

24,542 
9,086 

4,507 

23,938 

Lafayette 

24,765 

4,510 

68,779 

12,522 

23 

381 

3,072 

9,830 

1,311 

1,569 

3,180 

2,700 

618 

2,186 

21,363 

886 

9,663 

16,763 

10,890 

13,141 

21,964 

33,722 

6,916 

Mispissippi 

11,196 

9,413 

6,997 

Newton  

11,018 

•Ouachita 

6,467 

980 

18,002 

1,109 
892 
259 

3,070 

3,332 

14,891 

686 

G03 

678 

2,180 

23,582 

7,566 

Phillips 

.3,025 

Pike 

13,727 

0,679 

Polk  

10,883 

Pope 

14,420 

Prairie 

9,009 

Pul  aski 

67,995 

15,086 

2l,T73 

6,561 

8earcy 

13,927 

34 


KESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


TABLE  Showing   the    Cotton,    Corn,    Wheat   and  Potato    Crops  by  Counties- 
Census  Beport,   18T0 — (Continued.) 


Sebastian .. . . 

Sevier 

Sharp 

St.  Francis .. 

Union 

Van  Buren.. 
"Washington 

"White 

"Woodruff.. .. 
Yell 

Total 


Cotton, 
bales. 


2,215 
2,189 
1,04G 
3,757 
6,181 
1,038 
81 
4,925 
5,880 
3.671 


248,968 


Corn, 
bush. 


362,019 
123,045 
200,090 
141,911 
232,038 
165,710 
580,687 
323,603 
145,495 
206,075 


13,382,145 


Wheat, 
bush. 


18,518 

1,919 

13,443 

637 

641 

3,961 

156,521 

5,567 

160 

13,802 


741,736 


Potatoes, 
bush. 


39,156 
14,696 
13,660 
11,290 
G2,273 
12,304 
48,791 
24,429 
3,729 
22,201 


1,312,827 


In  presenting  this  statement,  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  the  crop  of  1870 — the 
latest  available  in  the  preparation  of  this  article — was  much  below  the  crops  of 

1871-72. 


VEGETABLES 

Of  nearly  all  varieties  grow  to  perfection.  Gardens  are  made 
both  in  the  spring  and  in  the  fall.  Cabbages,  potatoes,  tur- 
nips, peas,  beans,  cucumbers,  etc.,  are  ripe  and  suitable  for  the 
table  by  the  middle  of  May.  Lettuce,  spinach,  onions  and 
turnips  grow  finely  during  the  winter  months.  Large  table 
onions  are  grown  from  the  seed  the  first  year.  Two  crops  of 
potatoes  can  be  raised  annually.  Potatoes  for  winter  use  are 
generally  planted  the  last  of  July  or  first  of  August. 

Prices  of  vegetables  and  small  fruits  in  Little  Rock,  June  1, 
1873 :  ISTew  potatoes,  per  peck,  .^1 ;  peas,  per  gallon,  50  cents  ; 
cabbage  heads,  from  20  to  40  cents  each ;  beans,  50  cents  per 
gallon ;  beets,  10  cents  each ;  strawberries,  per  quart,  50  to  75 
cents  ;  goosberries,  per  quart,  25  cents. 

Arkansas,  situated  as  she  is  in  the  most  favored  parallels  of 
the  temperate  zone,  with  a  wide  diversity  of  soils,  and  blessed 
with  a  climate  for  the  most  part  eminently  salubrious,  she  is 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  35 

capable  of  meeting  the  requirements  of  every  variety  of  rural 
taste,  and  of  sustaining  a  dense  population.  There  is  fully 
two  weeks'  diiFerence  in  the  time  of  the  ripening  of  vegetables 
and  fruits  in  the  central  portions  of  this  state  and  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  the  time  by  the  Cairo  and 
Fulton  railroad,  from  Little  Rock  to  that  city,  is  only  twenty 
hours.  Vegetable  and  fruit  growers  will  please  make  a  note  of 
this  fact. 


FRUIT. 

We  are  located  on  the  fruit  belt  of  the  United  States.  Ar- 
kansas has  especial  attraction  in  her  unfailing  fruits.  "Fruits 
large  and  small  never  fail,  and  with,  this  assurance  it  will  soon 
become  the  fruitgrower's  paradise.  It  needs  no  wisdom  to 
forecast  the  immense  fruit  trade  of  Arkansas,  whose  beginning 
has  surprised  the  whole  country."  With  the  opening  up  of 
railroads  north  and  south,  we  shall  have  the  advantage  of  a 
market  north — in  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Iowa — for 
our  early  fruits,  and  a  market  south  for  fall  and  winter  fruits. 
It  is  well  known  that  soutli  of  us  fruits  are  not  successfully 
grown,  and  at  most  are  a  precarious  crop.  Arkansas  is  pecu- 
liarly a  fruit  country  ;  her  fruits  are  numerous,  consisting  of 
apples,  peaches,  pears,  plums,  apricots,  cherries,  nectarines^ 
grapes,  blackberries,  strawberries,  etc. 

This  country  is  the  home  of  the  grape,  as  is  demonstrated  by 
the  great  number  and  size  of  the  wild  grape  vines,  which  per- 
mit us  to  sa}'  that  grape  culture  would  be  most  successful — 
the  celebrated  muscadine  growing  here,  and  many  of  those 
wild  grapes  make  good  table  grapes,  and  a  most  excellent 
quality  of  wine.  It  is  a  fact  generally  accepted  among  prac- 
tical and  intelligent  fruit-growers,  that  the  soil  contains  the 
necessary  constituents  for  the  successful  growing  of  fruits.  In 
many  portions  of  Arkansas  there  are  wild  grape  vines  measur- 
ing three  feet  in  circumference  and  still  growing,  and  those 
who  have  planted  the  grape  are  more  than  satisfied  with  the 
result.     The  hilly  portions  of  this  state  are  destined  to  become 


36  EESOURCES  OP  ARKANSAS. 

vine  clad,  soil  and  climate  being  highly  favorable — equal,  if 
not  superior,  to  the  Herman  district,  in  Missouri.  The  climatic 
situation  is  even  more  favorable  than  the  limestone  hills  of  the 
Ohio  river.  The  w  arm,  fertile  soil  and  natural  drainage  war- 
rant the  inference  that  the  growing  of  fruits  would  be  most 
successful.  The  following  from  the  Beal  Estate  Bulletin,  of 
Fort  Smith,  Sebastian  county,  published  by  Carnall  &  Wheeler, 
men  of  undoubted  integrity,  and  who  have  lived  in  Arkansas 
over  thirty  years,  and  have  much  practical  experience  in  fruit 
growing,  says :  "Contrary  to  the  expectations  of  the  early  set- 
tlers of  this  country,  it  is  found  to  be  an  excellent  climate  and 
soil  for  fruit  generally." 

APPLES. 

The  trees  grow  very  rapidly  on  cultivation — too  much  so. 
The  fall  rains  grow  more  wood  when  the  trees  are  well  culti- 
vated than  ripens  and  becomes  firm  enough  to  stand  the  win- 
ters. Of  pears  this  is  especially  so,  and  it  is  believed  to  be 
one  cause  of  the  blight  in  them.  As  a  rule  the  winter  apples 
north  of  thirty-six  degrees — though  the  trees  grow  as  well  here 
as  in  the  north — drop  theirfruitin  August,  from  the  long  con- 
tinued heat  of  the  sun.  They  will  not  answer  on  and  south 
of  the  Arkansas  river. 

But  we  have  as  great  a  variety  and  equally  as  fine  in  quality 
of  southern  winter  seedlings  as  can  be  found  in  the  northern 
states.  We  have  also  many  good  summer  and  fall  apples 
indigenous  to  our  latitude,  though  we  believe  the  delicious 
summer  and  fall  apples  of  the  higher  latitudes  are,  as  a  rule, 
equally  so  here,  while  the  size  is  much  larger.  The  growth 
of  all  fruit  trees  is  much  more  rapid  here  than  north.  We 
will  name  some  of  our  best  fall  and  winter  apples : 

The  Shannon,  for  fall  and  early  winter,  ranks  in  size  and 
quality  with  any  apple  known  in  the  United  States.  The  Ken- 
tucky red-streaks,  Limbertwig,  Ben  Davies,  Nickojack,  Shock- 
ley,  Prior's  red,  Romantic,  Stevenson's  winter,  Yates,  Man- 
gum,  Naverick's  sweet,  Junaluskee,  Chatahoochee,  Greening, 
Hall,  Webb's  winter  and  Hughes'  crab  are  all  good  varieties 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  3T 

for  winter — nearly  all  of  them  southern  seedUngs  and  are 
grown  and  raised  here.  Summer  and  fall  varieties  of  fine  size 
and  fine  quality  are  too  numerous  to  mention. 

PEACHES. 

The  first  in  ripening  here  is  Hale's  Early — ripe  from  the  first 
to  the  fifteenth  of  June.  Fine  specimens  this  year  (1871)  are 
from  six-and-a-half  to  eight  inches  in  circumference  and  weigh 
three-and-a-half  to  five  ounces. 

Early  Crawford  comes  in  from  the  tenth  to  the  fifteenth  of 
July,  and  is  here  a  most  magnificent  peach.  There  are  too 
many  fine  varieties  to  enumerate  them  here.  The  peach  in 
this  country  is  a  very  rapid  grower  and  early  bearer  ;  as  an 
instance,  a  Hale's  Early  grafted  in  February,  18G8,  and  set  out 
in  November,  1868,  ripened  one  peach  in  June,  1869.  This  is 
one  of  the  finest  peach  countries  in  the  world.  Plant  tansy 
around  the  roots  to  keep  off  the  borer. 

PEARS. 

Pears  grow  to  fine  size  and  in  quality  will  compare  favorably 
with  those  grown  anywhere,  but  the  trees — from  very  rapid 
growth  or  something  else — are  subject  to  blight.  Much  more 
attention  is  being  paid  to  them,  however,  now  than  formerly, 
and  many  large  and  delicious  varieties  are  cultivated.  The 
Bartlett,  Flemish  Beauty,  Duchess  d'Angouleme,  Winter 
Nelles  and  Seekle  are  the  most  noted. 

CHERRIES. 

Of  cherries,  the  common  Morillo,  English  Morillo,  May 
Duke  and  Grafiion  or  Yellow  Spanish  are  at  present  mostly 
cultivated,  but  many  other  kinds  are  now  being  tried. 

PLUMS. 

All  kinds  of  plums  do  well  here  and  there  are  many  wild 
kinds  all  over  the  country.  The  most  cultivated  are  the 
Gages.  AVe  saw  them  this  year  six  inches  in  circumference. 
Damson,  Coe's  Golden  Drop,  the  Wild  Goose  or  Peach,  etc. 


38  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

Apricots,  nectarines,  almonds,  figs  and  strawberries  do  as 
well  here  as  anywhere. 

GRAPES. 

As  to  grapes,  we  do  not  think  any  country — anle^^s  it  is 
California — can  beat  it.  Everybody  has  a  vine  or  so  and  seve- 
ral graperies  are  in  cultivation  here. 

Every  climate  and  soil  has  its  peculiar  fruits  and  produc- 
tions; but  situated  as  our  country  is,  and  with  its  varied  soil, 
from  the  richest  alkivial  bottoms  to  its  clay  subsoil  uplands, 
with  surface  from  level  to  rolling,  hilly,  rocky,  and  oven 
mountainous,  with  climate  so  mild  in  winter  that  cattle  subsist 
themselvos,  we  can  and  do  raise  almost  any  fruit,  vegetable  or 
farm  product  that  can  be  raised  in  the  United  States,  except 
sugar. 

Mr.  J.  F.  McKenzie,  on  his  farm  four  miles  from  Fort  Smith, 
in  Sebastian  county',  has  a  bed  of  exactly  one-tenth  of  an  acre 
in  Wilson  Albany  strawberries,  from  which  last  season  he 
sold  three  hundred  gallons,  at  from  seventy -five  cents  to  one 
dollar  and  fi.rty  cents  per  gallon — bringing  him  the  snug  sum 
of  about  three  hundred  dollars,  besides  reserving  enough  for 
his  own  use.  This  bed  was  planted  in  the  spring  of  1870,  and 
all  the  cultivation  it  received  was  simply  to  keep  out  the 
weeds  and  grass.  The  hilly  and  mountainous  portions  of  the 
state  are  of  volcanic  origin ;  its  soil  is  similar  to  the  choice 
wine-producing  regions  of  France,  Germany  and  Italy — with 
this  difference,  that  the  soil  of  Arkansas  is  richer,  lies  better, 
and  easier  planted  and  cultivated.  There  is  no  fog,  no  mist, 
no  long-continued  damp  weather  to  rot  the  growing  or  matur- 
ing grape.  The  latter  part  of  the  summer,  when  the  grape 
needs  the  ripening  sunbeams,  we  have  the  desired  weather. 
Viewed  in  every  respect,  I  am  well  satisfied  that  the  hilly 
regions  of  this  state  are  singularly  well  adapted  to  grape  cul- 
ture, and  in  fact  Arkansas  will  soon  become  the  great  fruit- 
growing state  of  the  Mississippi  valley.  No  crop  pays  better 
than  a  fruit  crop,  none  is  surer  in  this  state,  neither  is  there  a 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  39 

state  in  the  Union  tlmt  has  the  advantjiges  for  remunerative 
pricf^s  in  the  future  ;  the  whole  northwest  for  a  market  for 
our  early  frnit;  the  whole  south  for  fall  and  winter;  and  it  is 
doubtful  whether  an  over-supply  can  be  raised  ;  at  present 
there  is  not  lialf  enough  fruits  raised  in  the  state  to  supply  the 
home  demand,  hence  none  of  our  iVuits  find  their  way  to  a 
foreign  market.  While  wealth,  under  onr  free  civilization,  is 
accun)ulating  and  diffusing  itself  through  more  numerous 
classes  of  society,  the  demand  for  fruits  will  keep  pace  with 
any  increased  production  that  may  be  made  in  this  branch  of 
business,  and  for  such  crops  there  is  no  danger  of  a  failing 
market,  all  that  part  of  the  country  south  of  thirty-lhree 
degrees  north  latitude  and  that  portion  north  of  forty  two 
degrees  north  latitude  can  offer  but  slight  competition  in  the 
fruit  growing  business  of  the  Uuited  States. 


STOCK  RAISING   AND  DAIRY  PRODUCTS. 

Arkansas  is  especially  adapted  to  stock  raising.  The  soil  of 
the  country  is  covered  by  a  luxuriant  vegetation  of  grasses, 
and  both  na'ural  and  artilicial  meadows  ure  very  fine  in  the 
autumnal  months,  thus  lur  iiishing  a  good  and  abundant  pas- 
ture for  horses,  cattle,  and  especially  sheep;  they  keep  fat  on 
the  grass  the  entire  year.  Our  beef,  in  winter,  is  killed  direct 
from  the  cane  brakes  and  river  bottoms,  and  make  fat.  juicy, 
tender  meat,  selling  at  seven  cents  in  summer,  and  ten  cents 
in  winter  f)r  choice  sirloin  steaks. 

Stock  <an  be  bought  at  the  following  prices:  Horses,  from 
$30  to  $125  ;  work  mules,  from  $60  to  $150;  three  year  old 
steers,  from  $12  to  $15  ;  yearlings  from  $3  to  $5  ;  milch  cows, 
from  $15  to  $'i0.  Butter,  from  twenty  cents  in  summer,  to 
fifty  cents  in  winter;  milk  from  forty  to  eighty  cents  per  gal- 
lon, and  the  supply  of  milk  and  butter  has  never  been  equal 
to  the  home  demaiid.     Cheese,  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five 


40  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

cents  per  pound,  and  we  send  to  Utica,  New  York  for  them, 
where  they  are  made  by  farmers  upon  land  worth  from  $100 
to  $200  per  acre,  in  a  climate  requiring  four  or  five  months' 
winter  feeding.  How  can  they  long  successfully  compete  with 
us  ?  Stock  raising  and  dairying,  operating  under  a  sky  that 
demands  no  shelter,  and  upon  a  soil  yielding  perennial  supplies 
of  green  food,  where  land  is  so  cheap  that  what  one  acre  in 
New  York  would  sell  for  will  buy  one  hundred  acres  in  Ar- 
kansas, where  crops  of  grain  and  grass  are  almost  as  certain  as 
the  return  of  the  seasons.  These  are  particularly  encouraging 
features  to  people  looking  for  new  homes  to  come  here  and 
locate,  and  a  safe  place  to  embark  in  new  business  enterprises. 
We  all  know  it  pays  to  raise  stock  in  Illinois,  where  they  feed 
five  months  out  of  the  twelve.  How  much  more  will  it  pay  in 
Arkansas,  where  stock  can  live  and  thrive  the  entire  year  with- 
out food  or  care  from  the  owner,  save  an  occasional  salting? 
But  this  state  of  things  cannot  long  exist ;  our  advantages  need 
only  to  be  fairly  laid  before  the  world,  and  energetic  farmers 
will  come  in  and  possess  themselves  of  these  lands.  The  for- 
ests comprise  a  great  number  of  nut-bearing  trees,  and  the 
raising  of  hogs  is  a  profitable  business  ;  great  numbers  of  them 
are  slaughtered  every  year,  fat  from  the  mast.  Pork  is  worth 
from  five  to  seven  cents  per  pound,  and  bacon  from  twelve  to 
twenty  cents  per  pound. 

SHEEP    RAISING 

Will  become  a  great  and  profitable  business  in  western  and 
northern  Arkansas.  The  northern  states  can  never  compete 
with  this  state  in  sheep  raising,  for  the  reason  that  sheep  live 
from  year  to  year,  costing  absolutely  nothing,  save  their  salt, 
and  the  climate  is  so  mild  in  winter  as  to  preclude  the  neces- 
sity of  shelter.  These  facts  are  peculiarly  inviting  to  sheep 
raisers,  and  woolen  factories  will  spring  up  throughout  all  this 
country.  Ten  years  hence  will  see  this  state,  unsurpassed  now 
in  natural  resources  and  advantages,  teeming  -with  tens  of 
thousands  of  sheep,  whose  wool  will  be  manufactured  into 
cloth.     Then  will  her  numerous  water  powers  be  utilized  and 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  41 

made  subservient  to  a  progressive  people  ;  "earnest  workers 
and  brains ''  will  convert  this  state  into  a  rich  and  powerful 
empire  of  itself.  The  extension  of  railroad  facilities  is  con- 
stantly enlarging  the  area  for  stock  growing,  and  with  in- 
creased facilities  for  transportation,  stock  raising  will  become 
very  profitable,  and  Arkansas  will  become  one  of  the  great 
stock  raising  states  of  the  Mississippi  valley.  I  am  satisfied 
that  no  country,  Eot  even  Texas,  is  comparable  to  this  as  a 
grazing  and  stock  raising  region.  Cattle  and  stock  generally 
are  healthy,  and  require  no  feeding  the  year  round.  The  rich 
grass  and  young  cane  of  the  bottoms  keep  them  generally  fat 
enough  for  beef  during  the  winter  months.  If  it  pays  to  raise 
stock  in  Illinois,  Iowa  or  Wisconsin,  then  the  stock  raiser 
Bbo-uM  make  his  fortwne  in  Arkansas. 


MANUFACTURES. 

No  great  community,  living  in  a  fertile  and  productive  coun- 
try, can  be  long  or  greatly  prosperous  unless  it  shows  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  independence,  or  rather  an  ability  and  disposi- 
tion to  supply  most  of  its  ordinary  wants.  The  example  of 
England  and  Germany  conclusively  shows  that  the  nation  or 
state,  that  utilizes  its  forces,  and  encourages  the  employment 
of  every  human  facult}^,  is  the  one  which  becomes  the  most 
powerful  and  rich ;  whilst  the  example  of  Persia  and  Turkey 
shows  that  the  nations  that  engage  in  one  pursuit,  to  the  com- 
parative neglect  of  all  others,  do  not  have  a  flourishing  growth, 
and  are  not  capable  of  resisting  adversity.  The  people  of  a 
state  should  so  direct  their  employments  that  success  would 
not  be  contingent  upon  a  bountiful  harvest  from  a  single  crop. 
They  should  establish  and  stimulate  manufactures,  open  and 
develop  mines,  and  div  ersify  their  avocations.  Before  the  war 
the  southern  states,  by  directing  all  their  energies  to  the  pro- 
4 


42  EESOUECES  OF  AKKANSA'S. 

Auction  of  cotton  and  sugar,  and  neglecting  the  grain  crops, 
liad  to  look  to  the  north  almost  entirely  for  their  breadstuffs. 
But  since  the  war  they  have  learned  to  produce  a  large  portion 

of  their  food  supplies,  and,  as  a  result,  will  soon  be  more  pros- 
perous than  ever  before.  Here  we  have  all  tlie  elements  acces- 
sary to  maintain  manufacturing  towns  all  through  the  state, 
and  those  who  are  tavored  by  land  and  country  so  as  to  be 
able  t©  organize  the  producer  and  consumer  side  by  side,  the 
farmer,  mechanic,  miner  and  manufacturer,  are  all  beneficial 
to  each  other,  for  the  reason  that  each  wants  the  products  of 
tb©  otker  in  exchange  for  his  own,  and  thas  creates  a  market 
for  all ;  he*ice  the  advantage  to  be  derived  from  a  diversified 
indttstry. 

Arkansas  has  abundant  water  power,  extensive  coal  fields, 
and  illimitable  quantities  of  the  raw  material  entering  into 
the  thousand  manufactured  products  suited  to  the  wants  of 
a  civilized  people.  It  it  will  put  forth  its  hand,  it  can  sucess- 
fully  compete  with  either  !N"ew  England  or  Old  England  in  the 
manufacture  of  many  articles,  to  procure  which,  it  now  sends 
its  money  abroad.  Valuable  forests  of  the  *best  timber  used 
in  mechanical  industry  are  to  be  found  all  over  the  state,  and 
will  furnish  material  for  agricultural  implements,  furniture, 
and  the  various  uses  to  which  timber  is  employed.  In  all  parts 
of  tke  state  are  \\iluable  mines  of  metals  and  minerals. 
There  is  probably  no  better  unoccupied  field  in  the  United 
States  for  manufactories ;  cotton  and  w^oolen  mills  should  be 
built  here  where  all  the  raw  materials  are  convenient,  abund- 
ant and  cheap,  and  where  profitable  establishments  can  be 
built  up  at  once  to  supply  the  rapidly  increasing  demands 
The  state  lav/s  are  as  favorable  as  could  be  asked  for  the  man- 
ufacturer. The  legislature  passed  a  bill  entitled  "An  act  for 
the  encouragement  of  domestic  industry."  Approved  March 
28,  1871 : 

*' Section  1.  The  collection  of  all  taxes  payable  into  the 
treasury  of  the  state,  or  of  any  county  or  municipal  organiza- 
tion in  the  state,  upon  capital,  stock,  premises,  machinery  and 
all  tools,  materials  or  other  property  directly  pertaining  to  the 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  4.H 

conduct  of  such  manufacturing  or  mining  business,  together 
with  the  products  of  such  manufactory  or  mine,  while  in  the 
possession  of  the  original  manufacturer  or  miner,  shall  be  and 
is  hereby  suspended  for  the  term  of  five  years,  after  the  first 
collection  of  taxes  on  real  estate  following  the  date  of  the 
passage  of  this  act." 

VALUE    OF    LANDS, 

It  is  the  labor  and  capital  expended  upon  it,  directly  and  ia- 
dircctly,  that  gives  vahie  to  land.  Roads,  railroads,  cities, 
churches  and  school-houses  all  add  value  t®  the  land. 

Capitalists  and  others  seeking  land  investments  are  turning 
their  attention  to  the  rich  lands  of  this  state,  the  value  of 
which  will  be  greatly  enhanced  by  the  building  of  the  now 
projected  railroads.  IsTothing  is  more  certain  than  the  rapid 
increase  in  the  price  of  these  lands,  and  immigrants  should 
come  in  and  secure  to  themselves  homes  while  land  is  cheap. 
There  is  now  hardly  a  man  in  middle  life  and  moderate  cir- 
cumstances who  might  not  be  wealthy  to-day  had  he  only  been 
able  to  foresee,  twenty  years  ago,  the  astonishing  rise  in  real 
©state  in  various  parts  of  the  country;  but  he  did  not  f()«rosee, 
did  not  buy  and  have  confidence  in  the  future.  The  same 
chances  are  otiereu  now.  A  greater  rise  witl  take  place  in  the 
next  twenty  years  than  the  last  twenty.  Lands  on  a  lease 
rent  or  sale  can  be  obtained  upon  various  terms.  Improved 
lands  can  be  leased  for  a  term  of  years  upon  the  payment  of 
taxes  and  a  small  rent,  or  can  be  bought  and  the  price  paid 
each  year  in  crops,  if  desired.  Any  farm  here,  well  worked, 
will  soon  pay  for  itself.  Improved  farms  are  worth  all  the 
way  from  $5  to  $50  per  acre,  depending  upon  the  quality  of 
soil,  improvements,  access  to  markets,  etc. ;  unimproved  land 
from  50  cents  to  $30  per  acre,  and  the  same  will  produce  one 
bale  to  a  bale  and  a  half,  or  forty  to  sixty  bushels  of  corn  to 
the  acre.  Land  owners  will  cut  up  their  farms  into  forty  or 
eighty  acre  tracts,  and  allow  buyers  tlieir  own  time  on  most  of 
the  payments,  with  the  proper  legal  protection. 

The  fertility  ot  the  soil,  reasonableness  in  price  of  lands, 


44  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

healthfulness  of  climate,  and  soon-tobe  near  access  to  mar- 
kets and  the  great  centers  of  commerce,  present  advantages 
to  the  immigrant  that  can  be  afforded  nowhere  else.  The 
lands  of  this  state  are  far  preferable  to  the  low  priced  lands 
of  the  northwest,  on  account  of  the  greater  variety  of  products 
and  comparative  immunity  from  drouths;  and  further  because 
the  farmer  has  twice  as  long  time  to  prepare  the  knd  and  plant 
his  crop,  and  when  the  crops  are  gathered,  the  cost  of  trans- 
portation to  market  will  be  less,  because  nearer  and  freer  from 
ice  blockades. 

eOVBRNMENT   LANDS. 

All  male  persons  and  unmarried  females,  of  lawful  age,  ss:e 
entitled  under  the  laws  of  the  government  to  a  homestead  con- 
sisting of  160  acres.  The  homestead  costs  nothing,  save  th^ 
fees,  amounting  to  ^18  for  160  acres,  $9  for  80  acres,  and  $7 
for  40  acres.  Twenty  per  cent,  of  the  above  amounts  «an  be 
reserved  until  the  expiration  of  five  years,  at  which  time  the 
settler  gets  his  patent  from  the  government,  the  title  being 
perfected  by  an  actual  residence  of  five  years  upon  the  land. 

There  are  four  government  land  offices  in  the  State,  and 
about  eight  millions  acres  of  land  subject  to  homestead  entry. 
These  are  located  as  follows,  viz  : 

Xo.  1 — Little  Kock  district,  about  1,700,000  acres ;  ofiice  at 
Little  Rock. 

No.  2 — Fayetteville  district,  1,850,000  acres  ;  oifice  at  Harri- 
son, in  Boone  county. 

No.  3 — Clarksville  district,  1,850,000  acres  ;  ofiice  at  Darda- 
nelle,  in  Yell  county. 

No.  4 — Ouachita  district,  2,600,000  acres  ;  office  at  Camden, 
in  Ouachita  county. 

STATE    LANDS. 

By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  April  29,  1873,  all 
forfeited  or  donation  lands,  and  all  lands  which  may  henceforth 
be  forfeited  or  sold  to  the  state  for  non-payment  of  taxes  for 
the  period  of  five  (5)  years  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this 


KESOUPvCES  OF  AKKAINSAS. 


act,  shall  be  and  tliey  are  hereby  retired  from  public  or  private 
sale  or  donation,  or  other  disposition. 

The  lands  belonging  to  the  state  are  swamp  and  overflowed 
lands,  granted  to  the  state  by  congress  in  1850.  Of  these  there 
remain  unsold  about  one  million  acres,  divided  into  first  and 
second  class.  The  first  class  comprise  those  lying  within  six 
miles  of  a  navigable  stream,  and  are  sold  at  sevent^'-five  cents 
per  acre.  The  second  class  are  those  lying  more  than  that  dis- 
tance from  navigable  streams,  and  are  sold  at  fifty  cents  per 
acre.  This  grant  comprises  some  of  the  finest  lands  in  the 
state. 

INTERNAL  IMPKOVEMENT  LANDS. 

Five  hundred  thousand  acres  were  donated  to  the  state  by 
the  seneral  o-overnment  in  1841  for  the  use  of  internal  im- 
provements  in  the  state.  They  were  selected  with  great  care 
and  comprise  the  best  lands  then  unsold.  A  portion  of  these 
lands  are  yet  subject  to  entry.  They  are  scattered  over  the 
entire  state,  and  are  sold  by  the  state  at  $1  25  per  acre,  on  a 
credit  of  one,  two,  three,  four  and  five  years,  with  interest  pay- 
able annually  at  six  per  cent. 

SEMINARY    LANDS. 

There  was  also  donated  by  congress  to  this  state,  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a  seminary  of  learning  in  this  state, 
seventy-two  sections  of  land,  which  were  carefully  selected 
from  the  most  valuable  tracts.  These  lands 'are  sold  by  the 
state  at  $2  per  acre,  upon  the  same  terms  as  the  internal  im- 
provement lands,  except  that  the  interest  is  ten  per  cent,  per 
annum. 

SALINE    LANDS. 

Congress  donated  to  the  state  a  certain  amount  of  laud  con- 
tiguous to  the  various  salt  springs.  A  part  has  been  sold,  and 
the  remainder  is  subject  to  entry  at  $1  25  per  acre,  one-fifth 
oash  and  the  balance  on  time. 


40  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

TAXES. 

The  assessment  of  taxes  ou  real  estate  is  made  between  the 
first  day  of  May  and  the  thirty-first  day  of  August,  and  the  taxes 
so  assessed  are  due  and  payable  on  the  first  day  of  January  fol- 
lowing. If  not  paid  by  the  thirt\'-first  day  of  March  thereafter, 
a  penalty  of  fifty  per  cent,  is  added.  They  are  then  advertised 
by  the  clerk,  and  sold  In'  the  collector  on  the  second  Monday 
in  May.  All  of  the  list  not  sold  by  the  collector  are  forfeited 
to  the  state,  and  if  not  redeemed  in  two  years  from  date  of  col- 
lector's sale,  the  auditor  of  state  then  advertises  and  offers  theia 
for  the  taxes  and  cost. 

Our  supreme  court  has  affirmed  the  validity  of  tax  deeds 
given  on  sale  of  laud  for  non-payment  of  taxes,  and  sustains 
the  statute  of  limitations,  which  bars  an  action  for  the  recov- 
ery of  property  so  sold  and  deeded,  after  the  expiration  of  two 
vears  from  the  time  of  the  collector's  sale. 

AUDITORS  OFFICE, 
Little  Rock,  December  1,  1872. 
Mr.  J.  P.  Henry: 

Dear  Sii- — The  average  rate  of  state  and  local  taxation  in  Arkansas  for  the 
year  IS 71  is  as  follows: 
Average  rate  of  county  taxes,  including  district,  school  and  levee 

taxes 1^  13-16  mills. 

State  tax  for  all  purposes 0     8-16  mills. 

Total -fi     5-16  mills. 

Very  truly  yours, 

.1.  R.  BERRY,  Auditor. 


AKKANSAS   SECURITIES. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  this  state  offers  great  attractions  to 
capitalists,  or  any  who  have  money  to  loan.  The  rate,  when 
not  specified,  is  six  per  cent,  but  any  rate  contracted  is  legal — 
no  usury  rate  here.  It  is  surprising  that  people  will  consent 
to  loan  money  in  the  enstern  states  at  five  and  six  per  cent,  per 


KESOUROES  OF  ARKANSAS.  47 

annum,  when  such  rates  are  to  be  obtained  here.  Our  county, 
city,  township  and  school  district  bonds  are  also  excellent  in- 
vestments, as  they  are  a  lien  upon  the  entire  property  of 
communities  whose  rapid  growth  is  shown  by  indisputable  sta- 
tistics. Among  the  most  desirable  of  the  many  attractive 
investments  Avhicli  offer  in  this  state  are  railroad  bonds.  Run- 
ning through  fertile  regions  which  are  rapidly  settling  with  an 
enterprising  people,  these  roads  must  become  immensely  valu- 
able, while  the  enormous  land  grants  with  which  they  are  en- 
dowed give  additional  security  to  the  bonds.  These  bonds  are 
offered  at  such  rares  that  they  afford  an  investment  which  yields 
an  income  at  least  double  that  to  be  obtained  in  the  eastern 
states  on  loans.  They  also  offer  the  further  advantage  that 
they  can  be  converted  into  cash  at  any  time,  or  may  remain  as 
a  permanent  investment  for  any  desired  period. 


EDUCATIOX, 


Let  us  pass  from  the  great  and  varied  resources  of  the  state 
"to  some  of  the  details  which  constitute  the  grand  result. 
When  we  speak  of  the  wealth  of  the  state,  we  should  not  so 
much  consider  its  rich  mines,  its  fruitful  soil,  its  salubrious  cli- 
mate, and  its  natural  channels  of  commerce,  as  its  people.  The 
people  are  all  that  give  real  wealth  to  any  country.  Without 
inhabitants,  the  fiairest  lands  upon  which  the  sun  shines  would 
be  of  no  more  value  than  a  barren  beach  or  rocky  cliff.  But 
then  the  people  must  have  intelligence  in  order  to  give  value 
to  a  country  they  inhabit.  Savages  make  a  land  poorer,  in- 
stead of  richer,  by  their  presence  ;  and  just  in  proportion  as  a 
community  rise  in  the  scale  of  civilization,  intelligence,  refine- 
ment and  moral  worth,  their  lands  and  houses  go  up  in  their 
money  value." 

Seventy-two  sections  (46,080  acres)  of  land  was  given  by  the 
United  States  to  this  state  for  a  public  seminary.     The  saline 


48  EESOURCES  OP  ARKANSAS. 

lands  in  the  state,  not  to  exceed  46,080  acres,  go  to  the  school 
fund;  section  sixteen  in  every  township  belongs  to  the  school 
fund  of  the  state ;  all  taxes  collected  from  the  sixteenth  sec- 
tion, after  being  sold,  go  into  the  school  fund;  the  proceeds  of 
all  property  escheated  to  the  state  go  into  the  school  fund ;  all 
moneys  derived  from  posting  estrays  and  a  portion  of  the  sales 
of  forfeited  lands  go  into  the  school  fund,  and,  finally,  one  dol- 
lar i^cr  eapita  tax,  to  be  annually  assessed  on  every  male  inhab- 
itant over  twenty-one  years  of  age,  goes  into  the  school  fund. 
Tims,  you  will  see,  Arkansas  has  a  good  and  permanent  school 
fund  to  secure  to  all  classes  the  benefits  of  an  education. 

Tke  teachers  receive  from  sixty  to  one  hundred — averaging 
about  eighty — dollars  per  month.  The  school  buildings  and 
the  opportunities  afforded  for  education  may  very  justly  be 
taken  as  a  fiiir  criterion  from  which  to  form  a  judgment  of  a 
country's  prosperity.  The  general  intelligence  of  the  commu- 
nity at  large  is  of  iteelf  sufficient  evidence  of  the  facilities  for 
improvement  and  information  afforded  them. 

The  constitution  of  the  state  provides  that  "  the  General 
Assembly  shall  require  by  law  that  every  child  of  sufficient 
mental  and  physical  ability  shall  attend  the  public  school  dur- 
ing the  period  between  the  ages  of  five  and  eighteen  years,  for 
a  term  equivalent  to  three  years,  unless  educated  by  other 
means."  The  law  also  provides  that  the  white  and  colored 
children  shall  be  educated  in  separate  schools. 


EESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


4!* 


TABLE  showing  the  statistics  of  the  Public  Schools  on  September  30,  1872, 
in  every  county  then  organized;  compiled  from  the  biennial  report  of  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  : 


COUNTIKS*. 


Arkansas 

.Vsblcy 

Bradley 

Benton 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Chicot , 

Clark 

Columbia 

Conway 

Crawford 

Crittenden 

Craighead 

Cross  

Dallas 

Desha 

Drew 

Franklin 

Fulton 

(xreenc 

Grant 

Hempstead... 
Hot  Spring.... 
Independence 

Izard 

Jackson  

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Lafayette 

Lawrence  

Little  River... 

Lincoln  

•Madison 

Marion 

Mississippi  .... 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 


to 

1 

'O 

s 

Ci 

« 

G'6 

■  "o 

o 
1^- 

^ 

^  t 

o 

00 

cs 

«^ 

^ 

l-l 

SJ 

H 

«4-C 

o 

P-t  c 

<D 

.  cs 

o 

m 

03  r^ 

c3  & 

o 

o 

1=;  ^ 

o 

H 

'A 

H 

H 

3 

1 

13 

348 

20 

9 

27 

997 

10 

3 

8 

366 

61 

10 

76 

5,460 

42 

10 

29 

1,757 

15 

7 

29 

1,021 

49 

10 

23 

1,277 

4 

3 

17 

568 

18 

5 

66 

2,622 

45 

6 

63 

2,587 

•34 

5 

46 

2,239 

47 

7 

51 

2,560 

24 

11 

25 

963 

19 

2 

17 

833 

18 

8 

2fl 

702 

8 

35 

1,075 

15 

8 

11 

660 

18 

3 

32 

1,328 

28 

10 

33 

2,066 

14 

4 

36 

1,084 

26 

6 

36 

1,789 

15 

9 

34 

1,327 

19 

19 

88 

3,460 

17 

1 

24 

1,041 

17 

2 

68 

3.515 

8 

31 

1,307 

8 

21 

1,160 

15 

8 

32 

1,455 

.•55 

8 

60 

3,322 

18 

11 

32 

1,196 

8 

3 

31 

1,333 

8 

3 

19 

695 

62 

15 

58 

2,734 

24 

8 

25 

1,250 

19 

9 

23 

899 

46 

19 

47 

1,784 

16 

28 

1.002 

$2,529  00 
5,728  GO 
2,177  00 
9,609  00 

3.153  GO 
4,891  00 
2,584  00 
6,531  00 

14,966  00 
12,028  00 
7,309  00 
5,379  00 
4,140  00 
2,912  00 
2,975  00 

5.154  00 
2,200  00 
7,151  00 
7,087  00 
3,042  00 
4,507  00 
4,726  00 

17,930  00 
4,523  00! 

11,826  00 
3,674  00 
4,810  00 

6.664  00 
11,142  00 

5,202  00 
.3,150  00 

4.665  GO 
00 

4,633  00 
2,527  00 
3,440  00 
9,327  GO 
2.768  00 


^  if 


fi 


$  600  00 
2,595  00 

890  00 
9,000  00 
4^300  GO 
4!l70  00 
4,800  00 

525  00 
6,734  00 
3,654  00 
2,225  00 
2,000  00 
3,900  00 

600  00 
2,321  00 

800  00 
2,600  00 
2,146  00 
3,744  00 

420  00 
1,400  00 
1,585  00 
3,110  00 

345  00 
1,450  00 

200  00 

300  00 
1,626  GO 
4,370  00 
5,180  00 

850  00 
1,386  00 

00 

6,090  00 
3,100  00 
4.500  00 
6,500  00 

600  GO 


50 


KESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


TABLE  sJwwing  the  statistics  of  the  Public  Schools,  on  September  30,  1872,  in 
every  county  then  o7-ganized;  compiled  from  the  biennial  report  of  the  Superin- 
iendcni  of  Public  .Instr%tctio7i — (Continued.) 


COUNTIEIS. 

i 

s 
o 

o 

«M 

6 

o 
H 

o 

00 

o 
o 

£ 

o 

S 

o 
o 

Total  No.  Pupils  Enrolled, 
(white  and  colored.) 

"Whole  amount  paid  Teach- 
ers. 

.|i 

S  'S 

Nevada .T 

10 
36 
42 
15 
76 
14 
4 
21 
32 
11 
31 
22 
11 
33 
25 
15 
14 
42 
18 

29 
31 
48 
32 
31 
27 

1,289 

11 

27 

6 

21 

2 

3 

5 

14 

10 

5 
14 

6 
12 

2 
11 

11 

12 

3 

6 

425 

30 
64 
20 
75 
32 
8 
24 
40 
14 
109 
53 

19 
57 
32 
43 
36 
31 
21 
49 
26 
80 
70 
24 
43 

2,.302 

1,301 
2,562 

609 
3,832 
1,155 

371 
1,047 
1,833 
1,307 
5,220 
2,153 

918 
3,076 
1,212 
2,538 
1,653 
1,167 
1,109 
2,331 
1,045 
5,780 
2,859 
1,072 
1,977 

Newton 

2,444  00 

13,147  00 

2,270  00 

20,680  00 

3,982  00 

1,810  00 

2,862  00 

7,185  00 

2,338  00 

39,288  00 

7,439  00 

4,150  00 

Ouachita 

12,846  00 

Perry 

'     875  00 

Phillips 

5,538  00 

Pike 

820  00 

Poinsett 

300  00 

Polk 

1,155  00 

Pope 

1,826  00 

Prairie 

1,100  00 

Pulaski 

67,981  00 

Randolph 

1,615  00 

Saline 

2,705  00 

6,585  00 

5,653  00 

3,925  00 

2,963  00 

4,814  00 

2,210  00 

18,474  00 

2,840  00 

11,287  00 

11,256  00 

4,793  00 

7,632  00 

1*500  00 

Sebastian 

12,175  00 

St.  Francis 

800  00 

Scott 

Searcy 

3,600  00 
4,800  00 

Sevier 

1,335  00 

Sharp 

500  00 

1,595  00 

Van  Buren 

AVashin  ""ton 

2,800  00 
18,850  00 

White 

3,043  00 

1,000  00 

Yell 

1,600  #0 

Grand  total 

107,908 

.>?405,748  00 

$242,40©  00 

GENERAL    SUM.AIARY. 


Number  of  children  of  school  age  in  1870 

Number  of  children  of  school  age  in  1869 

Increase 

Number  of  children  attending  school  in  1870 
Number  of  children  attending  school  in  1869 

Increase 


180,274 
176,910 


3,364 

107,908 
67,412 


40,460 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


»] 


GENERAL  SUMMARY — (Continued.) 


Number  of  teachers  emploj'ed  in  1870. 
Number  of  teachers  employed  in  1869. 


Increase. 


Number  of  school-houses  built  in  18<j9  and  1870 

Number  of  school-houses  built  in  and  jn-ior  to  1868. 


Total. 


Whole  amount  paid  tcaeliers  in  1870 

Wliolc  amount  ]):iid  teachers  (7  disti'icts)  in  1869. 


Increase 


Number  of  persons  subject  to  per  capita  tax  in  18G9. 
Number  of  persons  sul)ject  to  per  capita  tax  in  1868. 


Increase. 


Amount  of  tax  collected  from  this  source  for  1869. 
Amount  of  tax  collected  from  this  source  fm*  1868. 


Increase. 


Apportionment  of  state  fund  for  1868. 
Apportionment  of  state  fund  for  1869. 


District  tax  in  1869. 
District  tax  in   1868. 


Increase. 


Number  of  schools  taught  in  1879. 
Number  of  schools  tau2;ht  in  1869. 


Increase. 


2,302 
1,335 

967 

657 
6.^>2 

1,289 

$405,748  00 
188,397  00 


.S2 1 7,351   00 


79,544 
71,891 

7,563 

$61,465  00 
52,090  00 


$9,365  00 

$190,402  00 
187,427  00 


$320,583  79 
105,235  00 


$21.5,348  79 


1,489 


1,048 


The  reports  with  respect  to  the  number  of  persons  attending  school,  and  num- 
ber of  school-houses,  are  very  meagre  and  imperfect. 

BENEVOLENT    AN©    REFORMATORY    INSTITUTIONS. 

A  large  and  well-ordered  state  prison,  the  State  Asylum  for 
the  Blind,  and  the  Institute  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  are  located 
at  Little  Rock.  These  institutions  are  all  under  the  guardian- 
ship of  the  state  authorities,  and  are  supplied  witli  convenient 
buildings  and  necessary  attendants. 


ARKANSAS    DEAF    MUTE    INSTITUTE. 

There  are  now  in  the  institute  males  39,  females  33  ;  total 
72.     There  was  appropriated  by  the  last  legislature  the   sum 


EESOL'KCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


of  $12,000  for  salaries  and  contingent  expenses  for  two  years, 
and  the  farther  sum  of  $310  per  annum  for  the  expenses  of 
each  pupil. 

All  the  pupils  are  engaged  in  manual  labor  from  two  to 
three  hours  each  day — the  boys  in  gardening,  improving  the 
grounds,  preparing  wood,  etc.  The  girls  are  instructed  over 
an  hour  each  day  in  sewing,  and,  beside,  engage  in  other 
household  employments. 

STATE    ASYLUM    FOR    THE    BLIND. 

The  number  of  pupils  in  attendance  June  29,  1872,  was  35, 
of  whom  30  were  white  and  5  colored  Of  the  whites,  8  were 
male  and  22  females  :  of  the  colored,  4  were  male  and  1 
female.  The  branches  of  study  pursued  by  the  pupils  are 
reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  geography,  English  grammar, 
history  of  the  United  States,  algebra,  astronomy,  pliysiology, 
vocal  and  instrumental  music  and  calisthenics,  with  the  con- 
stitutiens  of  the  state  and  United  States.  In  the  mechanical 
department  are  made  mattresses,  brooms,  cane-seat  chairs, 
bead-work,  etc.  The  institution  has  a  brass  band,  which  is 
reported  as  doing  well.  Applications  for  admission  must  be 
made  to  Otis  Patten,  Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


ARKANSAS    INDUSTRIAL    UNIVERSITY. 


i^m" 


OBJECTS,  MANAGEMEis^T,   AND  STUDIES  PURSUED 
AT  THE  UNIVERSITY. 

This  institution  is  established  in  accordance  with  an  act  ot 
congress  making  a  grant  of  land  as  an  endowment  for  its 
benefit,  and  in  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  general  assembly 
of  this  state  carrying  out  the  object  of  said  grant.  According 
to  the  language  of  the  grant,  "the  leading  object  shall  be, 
without  excluding  other  scientific  and  classical  studies,  and 
including  military  tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of  learning 
as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts,  in  order  to 
promote  the  liberal  and  practical  education  of  the  industrial 
classes  in  the  several  pursuits  and  professions  of  life;''  or, 
changmg  the  order  of  the  statement,  the  chief  aim  of  the  uni- 
versity is,  "the  liberal  and  pra.ctlcal  education  of  the  industrial 
rlasses  in  the  several  pursuits  and  professions  of  life;"  and 
in  order  to  reach  this  end  the  university  is  '-to  teach  such 
branches  of  learning  as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  the  me- 
chanic arts,  without  excluding  other  scientific  and  classical 
studies,  and  including  military  tactics."     The  military  tactics 


£54  EESOUKCES    OF    ARKANSAS. 

are  required,  and  the  sclentiiie  and  classical  studies  are  per- 
mitted. Such,  at  least,  we  believe,  is  the  comraoH  construction 
of  those  clauses,  though  the  language  ma}'  not  unreasonablj 
be  understood  to  imply  that  the  latter  studies  shall  not  be  ex- 
cluded from  the  course.  The  aim  of  the  university  is  to  com- 
ply strictly  with  the  acts  of  congress  and  the  general  assembly 
of  this  state  in  providing  for  and  establishing  it. 

It  proposes,  tlierefore — 

First.  To  impart  a  knovv'ledge  of  science  and  its  application 
to  the  arts  of  life. 

Sceo7id.  To  afford  to  students — such  as  mav  desire  it — tke 
benefits  of  daily  manual  labor.  This  labor  is  to  some  degree 
remunerative.  But  its  remunerative  character  is  not  so  much 
intended  to  lessen  the  expenses  of  studentis  as  for  educational 
uses,  as  it  is  planned  and  varied  for  the  iUustration  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  science.  The  preservation  of  health  and  a  taste  for 
the  pursuits  of  agriculture  and  the  mcclianic  arts  are  two  other 
important  objects. 

Third.  To  prosecute  experiments  for  the  promotioii  of  agri- 
culture and  horticulture. 

Fourth.  To  provide  the  means  of  instruction  in  military 
science;  and  to  this  end  skilled  instructors  and  suitable  mili- 
tary implements  will  be  secured  and  obtained  as  soon  as 
practicable. 

Fifth.  To  afford  the  means  of  a  general  and  thorough  edu- 
cation not  inferior  to  those  afforded  to  all  elas^es  in  the  best  of 
colleges. 

LOCATION. 

The  Arkansas  Industrial  university  is  pleasantly  located 
within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town  of  Fayetteville,  Wash- 
ington county.  This  location  is  thought  to  be  unsurpassed  by 
any  other  locality  in  the  state  in  salubrity  of  climate,  beauty 
of  surrounding  scenery,  fertility  of  soil,  variety  and  perfection 
of  agricultural  and  horticultural  productions,  and  the  morality 
and  intelligence  of  its  people. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


BUILDINGS,    ETC. 

The  buildings  »ow  in  use  are  comfortable  and  convenient. 
They  are  well  furnished,  and  could  be  made  to  accommodate 
three  hundred  students. 

The  contract  has  been  let  and  work  commenced  on  the  per- 
manent building,  which  is  a  brick  edifice  fire  stories  high,  214 
feet  in  length,  with  a  .depth  in  the  wings  ot  122  feet. 

It  contains  five  large  halls  for  library,  cabinets  and  museums, 
thirty  class-rooms,  and  several  large  halls  for  literary  societies, 
etc.     The  building  will  be  completed  by  September,  1875. 

TERMS    AND    VACATIONS. 

The  academical  year  of  the  university,  v;itli  its  several  de- 
partments, is  divided  into  three  terms,  which  are  denominated 
autumn,  winter  and  spring;  and  the  year  will  begin  with  the 
opening  of  the  autumn  term.  The  autumn  term  will  continue 
fourteen  weeks,  the  winter  and  spring  terms  will  continue 
thirteen  weeks  each,  and  there  will  be  one  long  vacation  com- 
mencing at  the  close  of  the  spring  term  and  continuing  to  the 
opening  of  the  autumn  term,  including  the  whole  of  August 
and  the  greater  parts  of  July  and  September  ;  and  two  short 
vacations  of  one  week  each,  one  at  the  close  of  the  autumn 
term  and  the  other  at  the  close  of  the  winter  term. 

CALENDAR    FOR    1873-74, 

The  autumn  term  vrill  commence  on  the  22d  of  September, 
1873,  and  close  on  the  19th  of  December,  1873.  The  winter 
term  wall  commence  on  the  29th  of  December,  1873,  and  close 
on  the  27th  of  March,  1874.  The  spring  term  will  commence 
on  the  6th  of  April,  1874,  and  close  on  the  3d  of  July,  1874. 

PROPERTY     AND    FUNDS. 

The  property  of  the  unvcrsity  consists  of  the  proceeds  of 
the  munificent  grant  of  land  by  congress;  the  bonds  of  Wash- 
ington county  and  town  of  Fayetteville;  the  appropriations 
made  by  the  state;  and  the  university  farm  and  lands,  amount- 
ing in  all  to  $355,000  in  value. 


56  RESOURCES   OF  ARKANSAS. 


EXPERIMENTAL    FARM, 

An  experimental  farm  of  excellent  character  has  been  pro 
vided  immediately  contiguous  to  the  university  for  agricultural 
and  horticultural  purposes.  The  labor  system  will  be  volun- 
tary, and  students  will  not  labor  exceeding  three  hours  per  day, 
Saturdays  excepted.  Compensation  for  labor  will  be  from 
five  to  fifteen  cents  per  hour,  according  to  ability. 

The  present  crop,  including  the  orchard  and  garden,  and  all 
mechanical  and  other  work,  has  been  done  exclusively  by  the 
students  under  the  supervision  of  the  faculty.  To  such  as  were 
painstaking  and  skillful  this  labor  was  remunerative  to  such  a 
degree  as  to  enable  many  to  pay  their  way  w^hoUy,  or  ia  part, 
by  it;  but  in  this,  as  in  all  otker  duties,  the  student  is  made  to 
feel  that  his  success  depends  lapon  his  own  thrift  and  industry. 

BENEFICIARIES. 

It  is  provided  in  section  eighteen  of  the  act  of  the  general 
assembly  establishing  the  univeraty  that  the  board  of  trustees 
shall  have  power  to  "  prescribe  the  grade  and  number  of  hoH- 
orary  scholarships,  and  prescribe  the  rules  by  which  scholars 
who  are  to  be  admitted  free  shall  be  elected  equally  from  the 
various  parts  of^the  state."  They  have,  therefore,  made  pro- 
visions for  two  hundred  and  thirty-seven  beneficiaries,  who 
wdll  be  entitled  to  four  years'  free  tuition,  and  who  are  appor- 
tioned among  the  several  counties  according  to  their  respective 
populations  by  the  United  States  census  of  1870. 

TUITION. 

Beneficiaries  and  normal  students  upon  entering  the  uni- 
versity will  pay  a  matriculation  fee  of  $5.  This  entitles  them 
to  free  tuition  for  four  years  if  beneficiaries  and  three  if  normal 
students. 

Students  pother  than  beneficiaries  and  normal  students, 
whether  residents  or  non-residents  of  the  state,  will  be  charged 
$10  tuition  per  term  in  the  collegiate  and  $7  per  term  in  the 
preparatory  department. 


RESOURCES   OF   ARKANSAS. 


MILITAEY    DEPARTMENT. 

Provisions  have  been  made  for  instruction  in  military  science 
and  tactics;  and  all  able-bodied  male  students  will  be  required 
to  drill  twice  a  week.  It  is  expected  that  an  officer  of  tbe 
United  States  army  will  take  charge  of  this  department  the 
coming  year. 

A  uniform  has  been  prescribed  for  the  male  students,  which 
will  consist  of  a  suit  of  cadet  gray  mixed  cloth,  of  the  same 
color  and  quality  as  that  worn  at  West  Point,  and  manufac- 
tured by  the  same  establishment,  and  a  cap  of  dark  blue  cloth 
ornamented  with  the  initials  A.  I.  U.  and  surrounded  by  a 
silver  wreath  in  front.  This  uniform  will  not  be  required  to 
be  worn  the  coming  year,  with  the  exception  of  the  cap. 
Arrangements  will  be  made  by  which  students  can  obtain  the 
uniform  cap  on  their  arrival  at  the  university,  at  or  near  cost; 
and  also  the  entire  ssit,  if  desired. 


KK^OUKCES  OF  AHKAXSAS. 


JUDSONIA   UNIVERSITY, 


JUDSONTA,   WHITE  COUNTY.   ARK 


KES0UKCE8  OF  AIIKAXSAS.  bi 


ARKANSAS    COLLEGE    COLONY, 

.AT    JUDSONIA,    NVllITK    COLNTV,    ARK. 

This  colony  was  organized  iit  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1870,  for  educational  progress.  It  prohibits  fhe  sale  and 
manufacture  of  ardent  spirts,  horse- racing,  gambling  in  all  its 
forms,  and  kindred  evils,  within  three  miles  of  its  institution. 
This  institution  is  chartered  as  Judsonia  Lrniversity,  with  the 
usual  collegiate  powers,  and  its  academic  department  has  been 
for  some  time  opened  in  a  neat,  substantial  edifice,  and  fur- 
nished with  superior  philosophical  apparatus,  organ,  maps  and 
the  best  school  furniture  made.  The  institution  is  controlled 
by  the  regular  Baptist  denomination,  but  is  not  sccfarian,  and 
bas  among  its  officers  and  students  members  of  different  evan- 
gelical denominations.  The  colony  is  not  denominational.  All 
of  good  moral  character  are  cordially  received,  whether  church 
members  or  not.  Young  men  of  energ}',  even  though  of 
limited  means,  can  here  do  welL  The  board  of  trustees  own 
the  town  site  of  Judsonia,  comprising  250  acres,  which  is  but 
slightly  encumbered.  This  site,  and  several  thousand  acres  of 
land  donated  chiefly  by  old  citizens  and  the  commissions  from 
sale  of  railroads,  are  all  devoted  to  the  founding  and  equip- 
ment of  the  university,  and  must  soon  place  it  among  the  bet- 
ter class  of  colleges  of  our  land. 

CHAUACTER    OF    TUH    COLON V    AND    LOCATION". 

The  colony  is  not,  therefore,  a  company  of  speculators,  since 
all  profits  resulting  from  sale  of  lots  and  lands,  and  all  dona- 
tions, accrue  to  the  university  alone.  Nor  is  it  a  colony  of 
communists.  To  the  contrary,  each  family  is  wholly  separate, 
and  has  its  own  separate  home  and  separate  interests,  precisely 
as  in  any  other  community.  The  location  is  on  the  Cairo  an 
Fulton  railroad,  at  the  junction  with  Little  Eed  river,  fifty- 
three  miles  northeast  of  Little  Rock.  The  river  is  navigabl 
for  large  steamboats  about  four  or  five  months  in  the  3'ear. 


eo  RESOUECES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

THE   STATE   EXEMPTION   AND    HOMESTEAD   LAW 

Is  perhaps  more  liberal  than  any.     We  quote  from  slate  con- 
stitution, 1870,  Article  XH,  p.  37  : 

Bj  a  wisely  designed  provision  adopted  bj'  the  state  consti- 
tutional convention,  11th  of  February,  1868,  and  subsequently 
ratified  by  the  people,  one  hundred  and  sixt}^  acres  of  land  are 
exempted  from  execution.  The  benefits  of  this  exemption, 
should  the  head  of  the  family  be  removed  by  death,  inure  to 
his  widow  while  she  remains  unmarried;  also  to  his  children 
during  their  minority.  The  constitution  further  provides : 
"  The  personal  property  of  any  resident  citizen  of  this  state,  to 
the  value  of  two  thousand  dollars,  to  be  selected  by  such  resi- 
dent^ shsiilhe  exempted  from  sale  or  execution  or  other  final 
process  of  any  court,  issued  lor  the  collection  of  any  debt  con- 
tracted after  the  adoption  of  this  constitution. 

"  Hereafter  the  homestead  of  any  resident  of  this  state,  who 
is  a  married  man,  or  head  of  a  family,  shall  not  be  encumbered 
in  any  manner  while  owned  b}''  him,  except  for  taxes,  laborers' 
and  mechanics'  liens,  and  securities  for  the  purchase  money 
thereof.  Every  homestead  not  exceeding  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  of  land,  and  the  dwelling  and  appurtenances  thereon, 
to  be  selected  by  the  owner  thereof,  and  not  in  any  town,  city 
or  village;  or  in  lieu  thereof,  at  the  option  of  the  ov/ner,  any 
lot  in  a  cit3%  town  or  village,  with  the  dwelling  thereon,  owned 
and  occupied  by  any  resident  of  this  state,  and  not  exceeding 
the  value  of  85000,  shall  be  exempted  from  sale  or  execution, 
or  any  other  final  process  of  any  court."  Further,  it  says  : 
"  The  homestead  of  a  family,  after  the  death  of  the  owner 
thereof,  shall  be  exempt  from  the  payment  of  his  debts,  in  all 
cases  during  the  minority  of  his  children,  and  also  so  long  as 
his  widow  shall  remain  unmarried,  unless  she  shall  be  the 
owner  of  a  homestead  in  her  own  right.''  It  also  provides  that 
the  property  of  a  female,  before  marriage,  shall  be  held  by  her 
in  her  own  right  as  long  as  she  shall  so  elect,  to  be  disposed  of 
bv  her  as  she  shall  deem  proper.  These  just  provisions  of  the  . 
constitution,  it  will  be  seen,  provide  against  the  possibility  of 
any  one  being  distressed  or  deprived  of  a  home. 


RESOUJICES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


61 


LIMITATION    OF    CIVIL    SUITS. 

All  open  accounts  are  barred  in  three  rears ;  all  liquidated 
demands,  notes,  etc.,  are  barred  in  five  years,  except  mortgages 
and  judgments. 

LEVEE    BONDS. 

Authorized  issue,  $3,000,000,  most  of  which  has  been  issued. 
About  $1,000,000  of  this  has  been  located  on  lands  and  can- 
celed in  the  treasurer's  oflice,  and  there  is  but  little  doubt  but 
that  the  balance  will  be  canceled  in  that  wa}'.  The  bonds 
run  thirty  years,  and  draw  seven  per  cent,  interest.  They  are 
convertible  into  lands  owned  by  the  state,  but  if  not  so  con- 
verted, they  must  be  paid  bj''  the  state  when  due.  The  interest 
is  paid  b}'  tlio  owner'^  of  the  lands  benefited. 


PUBLIC  DEBT  OF  THE  STATE. 


.sTATh:\n':\Tsh,„ 


q  i]u-  hi(Jrhted>tess  of  the  State  of  Art:avm>f  on  t/ir  Jirst  i.lii!f 
of  October,  187:;. 


Funded  debt,  six  per  cent,  bonds 

Unfunded  old  debt 

Levee  bonds,  seven  per  cent,  swamp  land  scrip,  etc,,  outstanding., 
Auditors  warrants  and  treasurer's  certificates  outstanding,  about.. 

Total  state  debt 


Seven  per  cent  bonds  issued  to  railroads $4,r)r)0,00(> 

Total  contingent  debt 


Total  state  debt  and  railroad  contingent  debt. 

ASSETS. 


$3,050,000 
2,365,74« 
2.146,641.) 
1,100,000 


,002,397 


4,950,000 


.$1.'^,G12,:!97 


Heal  Estate  bank  mortgages 

Swamp  and  overflowed  lands  unsold,  390,465  acres,  worth  about. 
Lands  forfeited  for  taxes,  135,000  acres,  worth 


Total. 


$2,250,000 
250,000 
250,000 

$2,750,000 


«2  EESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

ANIMALS,  BIRDS,   INSECTS,  ETC. 

The  animals  of  this  state  are  :  The  black  bear,  deer,  panther^ 
wild-cat,  fox  (rod),  rabbit,  raccoon,  opossnni,  skunk,  mink, 
wolf,  otter,  beaver,  squirrel  (red,  gray  and  black),  rat  and 
mouse. 

The  birds  are :  The  wild  turkev  (meleagris  gallipavo),  turkey 
buzzard  (cathartes  aura),  bald  eagle  (fjilco  leucocephalns),  owl 
(strix  Virginiana),  meadow  lark  (alauda  magna),  black  bird 
(quiscnlus  versicolor),  crow  (corvus  Americanus),  blue  jay  (cy- 
anurus  crystatus),  thrush  (ferdus  rufus),  robin  (terdus  migra- 
torius),  blue  bird  (sialis  Wilsonii),  snow  bird  (emberiza  nivalis), 
Avoodpecker  (picus  auratus),  kingfisher  (alcedo  alcyon),  swal- 
low (rufa  dordeorum),  whip-poor-will  (caprimulgus  vociferus),. 
pigeon  (columba  migratorius),  partridge  (ortyx  Virginianus), 
red  bird  (tanagra  aestiva),  mocking  bird  (mimus  polyglottus), 
snipe  (scolopax  Wilsonii),  woodcock  (scolopax  rusticola).  The 
wild  goose  (anser  Canad.)  and  several  species  of  the  duck,  as- 
the  anas  brochas  and  anas  sponsa,  frequent  the  watercourses 
during  winter. 

The  rattle-snake,  small  ground  rattle-snake,  moccasin,  cotton- 
mouth,  viper,  copperhead,  black-snake,  chicken-snake,  king- 
snake,  and  others,  arc  quite  numerous  in  the  swamps,  but  are 
seldom  seen  in  the  hills. 

Among  the  insects,  I  will  mention  the  honey-bee,  humble- 
l)ee,  yellow-jacket,  hornet,  wasp,  cricket,  grasshopper,  butter- 
iiy,  house-fly,  horse-fly,  ant,  flea,  tick,  gnat,  mosquito  and  sand- 
fly. The  three  last  mentioned  are  confined  almost  exclusively 
to  the  swamps  and  low  lands,  and  are  never  troublesome  on 
the  uplands. 

The  rivers,  lakes  and  ei-eeks  are  abundantly  supplied  with 
fisb  of  a  superior  quality.  The  principal  varieties  are  the  cat^ 
buflalo,  trout,  bass,  pike,  perch,  white  perch,  gar,  drum  and 
.sucker. 


KESOUKCES  OK  AKKAl^SAS. 


63 


REAL  AXD   PERSON^AL   PROPERTY. 

STA  TEMEXT  Showing  the  Asscs.ted  Valuation  of  Real  ayid  Personal  Property, 
as  Equalized  in  the  several  Counties  of  the  State,  for  f/i''  Yrnr  1872.  [The 
Actual   Cash  Value  is  about  one-third  more.) 


Arkansas 

Ai^hley 

Benton 

Bradloy 

Boone 

("!olumbia 

Crittenden 

Calhoun 

Clark 

Crawford 

Carroll 

Crai2;]iead. 

Cro?8 

Chicot 

Conwav 

Dallas!. 

Desha 

Drew 

Franklin 

Fulton 

(ireene  

(irant 

Hot  Spring 

Hempi^tead 

Tzard 

Independence. 

Jackson 

Johnson 

.Tefferson 

Lafayette 

Lawrence 

Little  River... 


i!l, 80.-1,000 
1,024|885 
2,109,297 
1,244,281 

905,105 
l.;{5n,8.1G 
i;8G7,010 

4.^9,750 
1,970,098 
1.307,538 

498,548 

880,379 

837,005 
3.234,317 
l!025,275 

508,272 

978,135 
1.52.5,485 
];277.975 

048J507 
1,020,094 
_  50.3. 24  4 
'700,539 
1.907,036 

879,500 
2.821,190 
2^137,587 
1,004,037 
5,551,501 
1,587,040 
1,270.228 

0.50,131 


Lincoln 

Madison 

Marion 

Missi.^sippi ... 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Newton 

Nevr.da 

Ouachita., 

Terrv 

Phillips 

Pike 

Poinsett 

Polk 

Pope 

Prairie 

Pulaski 

Randolph 

St.  Francis 

Saline 

Scott 

Searcy 

Sevier , 

Sharp 

Sarber 

Sebastian 

Union 

Van  Buren... 
Washington.. 

Woodrufi" 

White 

Yell 


Total. 


S2,31 7,423 

478'240 

031,833 

915,040 

1,996,082 

275,821 

264,987 

1,204,532 

2,193J233 

557,860 

4,209,001 

■457,915 

29.3,380 

197,983 

1,075,888 

1,770,558 

12,313^152 

1,104,843 

1,771,678 

539,690 

020,069 

552,465 

1,408,046 

861,771 

1,070,385 

2,757,637 

1,880,849 

636,666 

2,415,346 

1,749,550 

2,984,164 

1,876.770 


$98,473,840 


PRICEtS   OF   LABOR,  Etc. 

Good  black  hands,  for  field  labor,  can  be  obtained  for  $150 
and  board  per  year;  wbite  field  hand.-?  command  from  $20  to 
^25  and  board  per  month  ;  black  female  labor,  for  house  work, 


64  KESOUECES  OP  AEKAXSAS. 

is  in  great  abundance,  and  command  from  $6  to  $8  per  month ; 
laborers  b}'-  the  day,  from  $1  50  to  $2  50 ;  carpenters  get  from 
$3  to  $4  per  day;  stone  and  brick  masons,  plasterers,  cabinet 
workmen,  blacksmiths  and  wagonrnakers  receive  from  $3  to  $6 
per  day.  House  rents  are  generally  high.  Farms  can  usually 
be  rented  at  easy  rates.  •  • 

PROFITS    ACCKUINi;    I'ROM    LADOU. 

Many  farmers  in  this  state  realized  last  year  a  net  income 
from  their  crops  of  from  live  thousand  to  twenty  thousand 
dollars,  and  in  some  ctises  even  more  ;  and  in  manj'^  instances 
tenants  with  only  the  assistance  of  their  families  have  realized 
from  their  portion  of  the  crop  from  nine  hundred  to  twelve 
hundred  dollars.  It  must  be  remembered  that  about  one-third 
of  the  cleared  land  in  the  state  has  laid  idle  since  the  war,  for 
want  of  tenants  or  laborers;  and  these  same  idle  lands  will 
produce  one  bale  of  cotton  or  fifty  to  seventy-live  bushels  of 
corn  to  the  acre,  and  in  many  instances  the  owners  will  fur- 
nish land,  stock,  tools,  seed  and  feed,  receiving  at  gathering 
time  his  part  of  the  crop — absolutely  furnishing  everything 
needful  to  make  a  crop,  labor  excepted,  for  a  small  compensa- 
tion, besides  giving  six  to  eight  months'  time  to  pay  that  small 
sum.  One  man's  labor  in  the  northwest  ma^'  produce  two 
thousand  bushels  of  corn,  worth  thirty-five  cents  a  bushel, 
amounting  to  seven  hundred  dollars;  the  same  labor  here  will 
produce  a  crop  worth  one  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred  dollars, 
because  here  corn  will  bring  from  seventy -five  cents  to  one 
dollar  per  bushel,  and  other  products  in  proportion. 


HOW    TO    UKACII    AUKAXSAS. 

The  state  is  easy  of  access  by  boat  from  any  point  on  the 
Ohio  or  Mississippi  rivers.  Immigrants  from  the  north  and 
east  can  come  via  St.  Louis  or  Cairo;  either  route  would  brin": 


liESOUKCES  OF  AliKANSAS.  65 

them  into  the  state  on  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad.  Immi- 
grants from  the  south  and  east  can  come  cia  Memphis.  Immi- 
grants from  Europe  will  find  an  easy  route  either  by  the  Allan 
line  of  steamers  to  !N"orfolk,  and  thence  by  rail  via  Memphis,  or 
by  the  Bremen  or  Hamburg  line  of  steamers  to  Xew  Orleans, 
and  thence  by  IMississippi,  Arkansas  or  Ouachita  river  steamers 
to  any  point.  Besides  the  routes  mentioned  above,  the  Atlan- 
tic and  Pacitic  railroad,  connecting  with  a  line  of  stages  from 
Pierce  City,  by  which  the  immigrant  will  find  transportation  to 
almost  any  part  of  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  state. 

In  case  the  immigrant  comes  from  any  of  the  adjoining 
states,  he  will  do  better  to  come  with  a  team,  if  he  be  a  farmer, 
and  bring  such  of  his  stock  and  household  goods  with  him  as 
circumstances  will  permit. 


ee 


KEiJOURCES   OF   AKKAKtSA8. 


LIST  OF  NEWSPAPERS  IX  ARKANSAS. 


NAME. 


WHERE   PUBLISHED. 


Gazette Little  Rock,  Pulaski  Co., 

Republican Little  Rock,  Pulai-ki  Co. 

Chronicle Little  Rock,  Pulaski  Co. 

Ark.  &Tex.  Advertiser.  Little  Rock.  Pulaski  Co. 

World jHelena,  Phillips  Co 

Clarion ! Helena,  Pliillips  Co.. 

Shield 

Standard  

Ouachita  Herald 

Telegraph 

Pres.s 

Republican 


Helena.  Phillips  Co 

Arkadelphia,  <;iark  Co 

Arkadelphia,  Clark  Co 

Washing-ton,  Hempstead  (^o 

Pine  Eliiff.  .Teffer.son  Co 

Pine  Blutt',  .lefterson  Co 

rimes iRntesville,  Independence  Co.. 

Republican  jBatesville,  Independence  Co 

Herald  IFort  Smith,  Seba.stian  Co 

New  Era jFort  Smith,  Sebastian  Co 


POLITICS.      HOW  LSSUED. 


Conservative... 

Republican 

Conservative... 


Con.<ervativo... 

Republican 

Republican 

Conservative... 
Republican  .... 
Conservative.... 
Conservative... 

Republican 

Conservative... 

Republican 

Conservative... 
jRepublican 


Independent Fort  Smith,  Sebastian  Co iConservafive... 

Bulletin I.\ufrusta,  Woodruff  Co Conservative... 

Sentinel !  Aususta,  Woodruff  Co jRepublican 

Press Van  Buren.  Crawford  Co jCon.servative... 

Statesman I.Tacksonport,  Jackson  Co iRcpublican 

Citizen T'es  Arc,  Prairie  Co IConservative... 

Journal iDuvalls  Bluff,  Prairie  Co Republican 


Gazette lYeliville,  Marion  Co. 

Bentonian j  Ben  ton  vi  lie,  Benton  Co...., 

Democrat jLonoke,  Prairie  Co 

Alonticellonian Monticello,  Drew  Co 

Courier jHot  Springs,  Garland  Co. 

Times iUot  Sprinsrs,  Garland  ('o.. 


Record  ... 
Courier... 
Tribune .. 
•Tournal  . 
Courier  and  Express 


Conservative... 
Conservative... 
Conservative... 
Conservative... 

Republican 

Conservative... 
Conservative... 
Conservative... 
Con,Hervative... 

Republican  

Republican  

Conservative... 

Republican 

Conservative... 


Searcy,  M'hite  Co 

Searcy,  White  Co 

Camden.  Ouachita  Co 

Camden,  Ouachita  Co 

Pocahontas,  Randolph  Co 

Democrat jF'ayetteville,  Washington  Co 

Ne^ys Fayetteville.  Washington  Co 

Laborer iDardanelle,  Yell  Co 

Western  Empire LcwisburK,  Conway  Co jRepublican 

Times Forrest  City,  St.  Francis  Co...  Conservative... 

Times Chiiot  City,  Chicot  Co Conservative... 

Magnolia  Flower jMapnolia.  Columbia  Co Republican 

Times lOseeola,  Mississippi  Co [Conservative... 

(iazette jWittsburg,  Cross  C'o Republican 

F-nterprise 1  Chirks viile.  .Johnson  Co IConservative... 

Sentinel i  Ozark.  Franklin  Co '.Conservative... 

Herald [Evening  Shade,  Sliarp  Co Conservative... 

Enterprise    DeWitt,  Arkansas  Co Conservative... 


Daily  and  weekly 
Daily  and  weekly 
Weekly 
Monthly 
Daily  and  weekly 
AVeekly 
Weekly 
^\'eeklv 
Weekly 
Weekly 
Weekly 
Weekly 
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i  Weekly 

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i  Weekl.v 


KK6UUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


67 


LIST  OF  STATE  OFJBICERS  OF  ATIE:a:NSAS. 


Governor 

Licutcnant-govfi'iior 

.Secretary  of  state 

Treasurer 

Auditor 

A  ttorn  ey-gen  eral 

Superintendent  public  instruction 

Superintendent  ))enitentiary 

(3ommissioner  of  public  workc 

(Jom'r  of  immigration  and  state  lands. 

(Commissioner  of  insvu'ance 

State  geologist 


Elisha  Baxter 

V.V.Smith 

J.  M.  Johnson 

Henry  Page 

Ste))he)i   Wheeler. 
T.  I),  ^y.  Yon  ley. 

.J.  C.  Corbin 

II.  13.  Kobinson.... 

J.  T.  White 

W.  11.  Grey 

L.  J.  Barnes 

George  Haddock... 


Independence. 

Lafayette. 

INIadison. 

Pulaski. 

Prairie. 

Pulaski. 

Pu-la,ski. 

Phillips. 

Phillips. 

Phillips. 

Pulaski. 

Clark. 


SUPREMK    COURT. 


Chief-justice 

Associate  justices. 


John  McClure 

Lafayette  Gregg... 
M.  L.  Stephenson. 

E.  J.  Searle , 

John  Bennett 


Pulaski. 

Washington. 

Phillips. 

Clark. 

Phillips. 


TliG  legislature  meets  the  iirst  Monday  in  January  bienni- 
ally. This  body  consists  of  eighty-two  members  in  the  lower 
house  and  twenty-six  in  the  upper  house,  who  are  elected  for 
two  years  to  the  former  and  four  years  to  the  latter.  Elections 
are  held  the  first  Monday  in  November  biennially. 

SUFFRAGE. 

Six  months'  residence  is  required  in  this  state  to  entitle  one 
to  vote  or  sit  upon  a  ^ury.  Every  voter  is  required  to  register 
liis  name  before  he  is  considered  a  qualified  voter. 

CONGRESSMEN. 

Arkansas  has  four  congressmen — three  from  the  congres- 
sional districts  and  one  at  large. 

SENATORS. 


Powell  Clayton 

Stephen  W.  Doi'sey  . 


Age. 


40 
33 


Nativity. 


Pennsylvania... 
Vermont 


Term  expires.  ^ 


March  3,  1877 
March  »,  1879 


KESOUKCES  OF  APwKANSAS. 


There  are  two  national  banks  and  seven  private  banks  in 
the  state. 

In  the  state  are  six  luiiidred  and  twelve  postoffices,  and  fortj- 
nine  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  published. 


LIST  OF  MONEY-ORDER   OFFICES  IX   THE   STATE. 


POSTOFFICE. 

COTXXTY. 

1                                            1 

POSTOTFICK.                          COUNTY. 

Arkadelphia 

AuE^usta 

Clark. 

Woodruff. 

Benton. 

Independence. 

Johnson. 

Ouachitn. 

Prairie. 

Yell. 

Sebastian. 

Washington. 

Hamburg 

Ashlev. 

Hot  Springs 

Garland. 

Phillips. 
Jackson. 
Pulaski. 

jBatesville 

Clarksville 

Jackson  port 

^Little  Kock 

Camden 

ilonticello 

Dre^v 

Duvalls  Blufl". 

Napoleon 

Desha. 

Dardanelle 

Pine  Blufl'. 

Jefferson. 

Fort  Smith 

Searcv 

White. 

Fayetteville 

Hempstead. 

THE   RAILROADS   OF   ARKANSAS. 

In  1860  Arkansas  had  but  38-|  miles  of  completed  railroad. 
In  1870  there  were  128  miles  of  operated  railroad  in  the  state — 
one  mile  of  railroad  to  every  407f  square  miles,  and  one  mile 
to  every  3906  inhabitants. 

In  1868  an  act  was  submitted  to  and  ratified  by  the  people, 
granting  state  aid  to  the  extent  of  $15,000  per  mile  to  roads 
having  no  land  grants,  and  $10,000  per  mile  to  those  with  such 
a  grant,  to  the  extent  of  850  miles.  Thi>^  aid  has  been  awarded 
to  the  followinof  roads: 


KESOUHCES   OF  ARKANSAS.  69 

THE  CAIRO  AND  FULTON  EAILROAD  COMPANY 

Was  organized  under  a  cliarter  granted  hy  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State  of  Arkansas  on  tlie  twelfth  day  of 
January,  1853,  and  by  subsequent  acts.  It  was  fully  empow- 
ered to  construct  and  operate  a  road,  beginning  at  a  p'bint  on 
the  Mississippi  river  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  in  the 
state  of  Missouri,  and  thence  southwest  by  way  of  Little  Rock 
to  the  Texas  boundary  line,  near  Fulton,  with  all  the  neces- 
sary branches,  so  as  to  enter  the  northeastern  and  northwest- 
ern portions  of  Texas.  The  company  was  also  fully  empow- 
ered to  connect  ■with  any  roads  of  Texas  running  north  of 
Galveston  ;  also,  at  its  northern  end  to  connect  with  the  south- 
ern end  of  the  Missouri  roads ;  and  also,  to  consolidate  with 
any  roads — the  most  liberal  legislative  permission,  from  time 
to  time  having  been  granted  to  carry  out  fully  all  these 
©bjects. 

ROUTE. 

A  reference  to  the  map  will  show  that  the  Cairo  and  Fulton 
railroad  occupies  an  almost  direct  line  between  the  railroad 
system  of  Texas  seeking  a  northern  outlet,  and  those  roads 
on  the  southern  boundarj^  of  Missouri  which  run  to  the  cities 
ef  St.  Louis  and  Chicago.  This  route  was  selected  after  care- 
ful and  minute  surveys  and  a  thorough  examination  of  the 
country — it  being  at  once  the  shortest,  cheapest  and  most 
direct  line  jaetween  the  termini.  In  a  total  length  of  three 
hundred  and  ten  miles,  it  exceeds  an  air  line  only  six  and 
three-tenths  miles ;  its  grades  are  nowhere  greater  than  fifteen 
feet  to  the  mile,  and  for  two  hundred  miles  the  road  is  almost 
level.  The  position  of  the  line  will  be  found  as  valuable  for 
local  business  as  it  appears  for  through  business.  It  puts  in 
communication  twenty-eight  of  the  choice  counties  of  the 
state,  running  close  to  most  of  the  county-seats,  and  passing 
the  capital,  Little  Rock,  it  gives  railway  facilities  to  about 
185,000,  or  one-third  the  present  population,  who  have  hith- 
erto been   without   means    of    communication    except   those 


70  KES0UKCE8   OP   ARKANSAS. 


afforded  by  common  roads  or  rivers.  The  natural  advantages 
of  the  route,  as  above  detailed,  can  hardly  be  over-estimated. 
The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  connects  as  follows:  ISTortli 
with  the  St.  Louis  and  Iron  Mountain  railroad,  which  brings 
the  grgat  city  of  St.  Louis  within  three  hundred  and  thirty- 
seven  miles  of  Little  Rock,  and  within  four  hundred  and 
ninety  miles  of  Texas.  Northeast  with  the  Illinois  Central 
railroad  and  with  the  Cairo  and  Vincennes  railroad,  both  at 
Cairo.  East  and  west  with  the  Memphis  and  Little  Kock,  the 
Little  Hock  and  Fort  Smith,  the  Arkansas  Central,  and  the 
Little  liock,  Pine  Bluff  and  Isqw  Orleans  railroads.  South 
with  the  New  Orleans  and  Little  Rock,  the  Ouachita  Valley, 
and  the  Mississippi,  Ouachita  and  Red  River  railroads.  South 
with  the  Southern  (or  Texas)  Pacific  railroad  to  the  Pacific, 
and  the  International  railroad  of  Texas  to  Laredo  and  the  City 
of  Mexico. 

LOCAL  BUSINESS  PROSPECTS. 

The  twenty-eight  counties  which  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  gives 
an  outlet  to  are  among  the  most  advanced  in  production  in  the 
state.  They  possess  a  population  of  185,000,  a  taxable  wealtli 
of  $40,000,000,  and  their  yearly  products  are  about  ^15,000,000. 
At  Little  Rock  a  valuable  business  cast  and  west  is  done  by 
the  road.  The  Hot  Springs  are  now  known  so  extensively 
that  thousands  of  invalids  are  annually  attracted  to  them.  The 
local  business  will  be  immense ;  the  country  along  its  line  will 
rapidly  fill  up  with  farmers,  miners  and  manu^eturers,  and 
cities,  towns  and  villages  will  spring  into  existence  and  grow 
into  places  of  importance.  Few  of  us  can  now  fully  realize 
the  effects  this  will  have  in  giving  an  increased  demand  and 
value  to  our  lands,  in  increasing  more  than  tenfold  the  immi- 
gration to  our  state,  and  in  developing  all  the  great  sources  of 
our  wealth  and  prosperity. 

THROUGH    P.USINKSS. 

The  Cairo  and  Fulton,  with  its  connections  north  and  south, 
is  destined  to  be  the  greatest  commercial  highway  on  the  coa- 


KESOUKCKS  OF  AKKANSA.<. 


tinent.  From  Cairo  to  Fulton  is  almost  an  air  line;  from 
Fulton  to  Laredo,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  the  line  of  the  Interna- 
tional railroad  is  nearly  an  air  line,  and  from  Laredo  to  Ma- 
zatlan,  on  the  Gulf  of  California,  is  another  air  line — thus 
making  nearly  an  air  line  from  Cairo  to  Mazatlan.  At  Laredo 
the  International  will  form  a  junction  with  a  branch  road  to  the 
City  of  Mexico,  and  with  other  roads  Icadinir  into  the  interior 
of  the  Mexican  states. 

The  Cairo  and  Fulton  will  be  completed  to  the  Texas  line 
by  January  1,  1874.  By  that  time  the  International  railvvaj 
■will  meet  the  Cairo  and  Fulton,  thus  giving  the  north  and 
east  direct  communication  with  San  Antonio,  and  in  less  than 
another  year  with  Laredo.  Thus  the  greatest  highway  on  the 
continent  will  be  completed  to  the  borders  of  Mexico,  there 
forming  connection  with  the  projected  railway  system  of  Mex- 
ico. Nature  has  made  this  the  greatest  highway  on  the  conti- 
nent. All  other  roads  crossing  or  branching  off  from  this 
main  lino  will  be  feeders  to  it. 

The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railway  is  in  the  hands  oi'  a  powerful 
and  enterprising  corporation. 

The  company  is  constructing  a  magnificent  iron  bridge  across 
the  Arkansas  river  at  Little  Rock.  This  structure  will  have  a 
draw  in  the  center ;  the  railroad  track  will  be  forty-two  feet 
from  the  water,  and  tv/enty-Uve  feet  above  this  a  carriage  and 
footway,  thus  furnishing  unbroken  rail  transportation  from  St. 
Louis.  Near  the  south  end  of  the  bridge  is  located  large  pas- 
senger and  freight  depots,  the  land  commissioner's  office,  and 
the  offices  of  all  the  different  departments  of  the  road,  being 
within  a  few  feet  of  the  passenger  depot. 

The  general  business  offices  and  shops  of  the  company  are 
located  at  Little  Rock. 

Officer.'^ — Thomas  Allen,  President;  H.  W.  Marquand,  Vice 
President;  D.  W.  McWilliams,  Treasurer ;  W.  R.Donaldson, 
Secretary;  J.  M.  Loughborough,  Land  Commissioner;  James 
H.  Morley,  Chief  P^ngineor. 


ItESOUIlCES  OF  AKKAIS'SAS. 


THE    CAIRO    AND    FULTON    RAILROAD   LAND    GRANT. 

By  act  of  Congress  of  the  United  States,  July  28,  1866,  a 
donation  of  land  was  confirmed  to  the  company  of  6400  acres 
to  each  mile  of  road,  extending  to  twenty  miles  on  each  side 
of  the  track,  thus  securing  ten  full  sections  of  640  acres  to  the 
mile,  or  1,926,400  acres  upon  the  301  miles  of  road.  These 
lands  are  exempted  from  taxation  until  the  road  earns  ten  per 
cent. 

For  convenience  of  description  we  will  commence  at  the 
northeast  end  of  the  grant : 

From  the  Missouri  border  to  Newport  Station,  on  White 
river,  a  distance  of  76  miles,  the  road  passes  down  the  Black 
river  valley ;  from  Xewport  Station  to  Little  Rock,  84  miles, 
the  road  passes  through  the  White  river  valley  nearly  its  en- 
tire distance.  The  White  and  Black  rivers  are  ever-living, 
clear,  bold  streams.  White  river  is  navigable  at  all  seasons 
from  its  mouth  to  Jaeksonport,  a  distance  of  350  miles.  The 
valleys  of  these  streams  range  in  width  from  25  to  80  miles 
They  are  the  loveliest  and  fairest  of  any  within  the  state,  and 
in  many  respects  one  of  the  finest  regions  on  the  continent. 
Great,  broad,  long  reaches  of  beautiful  bottoms  flank  the  road 
along  its  length  through  these  valleys.  The  soil  is  of  unri- 
valed fertility,  the  climate  is  mild  and  genial,  and  the  bestow- 
ment  of  nature  liberal  in  respect  to  an  abundance  of  timber, 
springs  of  pure  living  water,  and  numerous  creeks  flowing 
from  the  highlands  through  the  rich  level  of  the  valley,  thus 
insuring  against  droughts  and  parching  blights  from  a  dry 
summer  atmosphere.  Fine  farms  lie  along  these  valleys  and 
in  the  contiguous  uplands  that  bring  an  annual  rent  of  ten 
dollars  an  acre,  and  would  readily  sell  for  from  thirty  to  fifty 
dollars  per  acre,  which  goes  to  show  the  intelligent  immigrant 
how  valuable  the  lands  of  this  company  will  be  when  im- 
proved. The  products  are  the  most  valuable.  Cotton  yields 
from  three-fourths  to  one  and  a  half  bales  per  acre ;  corn  from 
forty-five  to  seventy-five  bushels  per  acre  ;  wheat  from  fifteen 
t©  twenty-five  bushels  per  acre,  and  other  cereals  and  grasses 


itE.SULKCKS  OF  AUKAN.SA^ 


in  the  same  ratio, with  inferior  cultivation.  Tobacco  grows  far 
feetter  tlian  in  Tennessee,  wliile  hemp  does  us  well  as  in  Mis- 
souri. A  good  fruit  ami  stock  country.  South  from  Little 
Kock  to  Rockport  Station,  43  miles,  the  road  passes  throucrh 
the  finest  fruit  and  stock  country  in  Central  Arkansas. 

Fine  clover  fields  lie  alom;:  the  road,  and  numerous  fruit 
farms  are  being  opened  up.  Xo  more  inviting  region  exists 
anywhere  lor  small  and  large  fruit.  An  intelligent  farmer  of 
this  region,  two  years  since,  planted  one-tenth  of  an  aci'e  in 
strawberries;  this  season  he  sold  from  this  bed  475  quarts  of 
berries  at  from  50  to  lo  cents  per  quart;  the  variety  is  the 
Charles  Downing.  All  varieties  of  fruit  do  equally  as  well, 
according  to  the  tests  made.  Thousands  of  acres  of  as  fine 
fruit  land  as  can  be  found  anywhere,  lie  along  the  road  in  this 
-cction,  which  can  bo  had  ior  from  S2  5©  to  $10  per  acre. 
From  the  fact  that  cotton  has  been  the  chief  crop  cultivated 
in  this  part  of  the  state,  these  fruit  lands  have  ocen  neglected, 
and  every  kind  of  fruit  and  vegetable  bring  the  highest  prices 
ill  the  city  of  Li-ttle  Rock.  For  gardening  these  lands  are 
equally  well  suited  ;  some  of  them  would  require  manure. 

From  liockporfc  station  to  Arkadelphia,  22  miles,  the  road 
passes  along  the  Ouachita  valley,  a  fine  c-diu  immI  small  grain 
regior.  The  timber  is  gootl  pine  on  the  u'plands,  walnut,  oak 
and  ash  on  the  bottoms;  a  fine  stock  growing  country:  well 
adapted  for  fiuit  and  grape  growing.  From  Arkadelphia  to 
the  Texas  boundary  line,  near  Tcxarcam',  78  miles,  the  road 
passes  across  the  Little  Missouri  and  the  Red  river  valley. 
This  portion  of  the  state  possesses  a  line  cotton  and  corn  soil. 
The  station  for  Camden  is  located  in  Prairie  D'Anne,  and  is 
•  ailed  Prescott.  The  station  for  Washington,  Hempstead 
county,  is  located  in  Prairie  D'Rhone,  and  is  called  Hope. 
These  are  beautilul,  Jiigh-rolling,  rich  prairies,  lying  on  each 
sid»e  of  the  track.  .The  Red  river  valley  is  celebrated  as  being 
the  finest  cotton  region  in  this  portion  of  the  state.  Fine  farms 
are  to  be  seen  in  this  section,  and  many  wealthy  farmers  reside 
here.  The  timber  is  good,  and  water  abundant.  The  land  in 
this  section  is  equal  to  any  in  wide  fertile  tracts;  grain  grows 
0 


7-1  EESOUECES  OF  APJvAKSA.S. 

finely,  and  fruit  is  said  to  do  well.  The  undergrowth  of  the 
forests  is  dense ;  grape  vines  everywliere  twist  their  tendrils 
around  the  limbs  of  trees,  and  the  range  is  luxuriant.  Such 
are  the  general  outlines  of  this  railroad  land  grant,  the  most 
valuable,  for  several  reasons,  ever  donated   to  any   railroad: 

First.  Because  lyhig  aloug  the  great  trunk  railroad  of  the 
southwest. 

Second,  Because  the  lands  embraced  within  this  grant  of  40 
miles  wide,  by  301  miles  in  length,  is,  all  things  considered, 
the  finest  of  the  state. 

Third.  The  products  of  the  soil  consist  of  the  grains  and 
fruit  of  the  northwestern  states,  with  many  of  the  staples  and 
fruits  of  the  semi-tropics,  tlius  enabling  the  producers  to  reap 
the  fullest  reward  for  their  labors,  by  having  a  market  in  the 
gulf  states,  and  in  all  the  northwestern  states. 

Valuable  minerals  and  metals  abound  along  the  line  of  this 
road,  such  as  iron,  coal,  kaolin,  potter's  clay,  etc.,  etc.  The 
variety  ot  lands  within  this  grant  enables  the  company  to  sat- 
isfy the  needs  of  all  classes  of  buyers,  either  for  bottom,  valley 
or  hill  land;  for  cotton,  grain,  grass,  fruit,  stock-growing  and 
mineral.  These  lands  were  granted  to  the  company  in  1853, 
and  have  been  withheld  until  the  road  was  completed.  They 
are  now  offered,  for  the  first  time,  in  forty-acre  tracts  or  more, 
at  low  rates  and  on  reasonable  terms.  For  further  intorma 
t;on,  pamphlets,  maps  of  each  county  and  each  tract,  we  refer 
the  reader  to  Col.  James  M.  Loughborough,  land  commissioner 
of  the  company  at  Little  Kock. 


OUACHITA  VALLEY  RAILliOAD. 

This  is  the  most  important  connection  of  the  Cairo  and  Ful- 
ton railroad,  extending  from  the  prosperous  city  of  Arkadel- 
phia,  the  county  seat  of  Clark  county,  down  the  famous 
Ouachita  river  valley  to  Camden,  in  Ouachita  county,  and 
thence  by  an  extension  line,  at  variable  distances  from  the 


KESOUKCES  OF  AKAANSAS. 


river,  to  Monroe,  Louisiana.  Wc  shall  speak,  however,  of 
that  portion  now  under  process  of  construction  from  Arkadel- 
pliia  to  Camden,  a  distance  of  40  miles.  Arkadelphia  and 
Camden  are  the  largest  cities  in  southern  Arkansas,  and  the 
centers  of  the  richest  cotton -growing  sections  of  this  portion 
of  the  state.  They  are  places  of  very  active  trade,  and  ship- 
ping more  cotton  probably  than  any  other  places  in  the  s^tate. 
Steamboats  ascend  the  river  as  far  as  Arkadelphia  during  the 
navigable  season.  Camden,  one  hundred  miles  distant  further 
down  the  river,  is  accessible  for  steamboats  in  nearly  all  sea- 
sons of  the  year. 

The  Ouachita  valley  has  been  long  known  as  a  great  cotton 
region,  the  rich  alluvial  eoil  producing  that  staple  in  rank 
luxuriance  and  of  a  superior  quality.  The  whole  valley  \» 
thickly  settkd  on  either  side  of  the  river,  from  Arkadelphia  to 
Monroe,  Louisiana,  a  distance  of  twenty  miles.  The  Ouachita 
Valley  railroad  also  runs  through  valu-able  coal  uni.  gypsum 
formations  between  Arkadelphia  and  Camden  on  lands  owned 
by  the  company.  The  quality  of  this  coal  is  good,  and  will 
bring  large  revenues  to  the  company  on  the  con)pletion  of  the 
road.  The  great  productiveness  of  the  adjacent  and  surround- 
ing lands  will  render  the  gypsum  beds  comparatively  valueless 
for  home  consumption.  On  the  completion  of  the  Mississippi, 
Ouachita  and  lied  River  railroad  to  Camden,  no  road  in  the 
state  will  do  a  larger  aggregate  business  than  the  Ouachit.^ 
Valley  railroad  ;  and  indeed  its  local  importance,  valuable  con- 
nections and  cheapness  of  construction  will  render  it  one  of 
the  most  remunerative  enterprises  in  the  whole  countrj'.  This 
road  owns  310,000  acres  of  lands,  many  of  which  are  very  val- 
uable on  account  of  their  agricultural  and  mineral  productive- 
ness, and  impro\;ed  condition.  Satisfactory  arrangemtnts  are 
made  with  actual  settlers.  In  addition  to  the  above  amount 
of  lands,  the  state  has  awarded  $  )75,0G0to  aid  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  road.  Work  is  rapidly  progressing,  ten  miles  being 
nov/  graded  and  tied,  and  the  whole  i^  under  contract.  A  road 
of  so  much  importance,  so  short  and  so  cheaply  constructed, 
must  promise  immediate  completion. 


RP:80UKCE8  of  ARKANSAS!. 


OUACHITA  VALLEY  RAILROAD  COMPANY  S  LANDS. 

This  railroad  has  a  land  grant  of  over  twenty-five  thoiisaml 
acres  situated  in  the  counties  of  Clark,  Ouachita,  Pike  and 
Johnson.  Many  of  tliese  lands  are  in  a  highly  improved  cou- 
ditiota.  In  addition  to  the  above,  the  company  owns  sixty 
thousand  acres  obtained  by  purchase  and  donation,  making 
three  hundred  and  ten  th.ousand  acres.  Of  these,  thirty-five 
thousand  acres  are  internal  improvement  lands — donated  in 
1832  hy  congress  to  the  state  for  the  purposes  of  internal 
improvements — and  arc  very  valuable.  The  most  of  these 
lauds  are  contiguous  to  the  road.  All  of  the  company's  lands 
bordering  ou  the  Ouachita  river  are  of  black  loam,  alluvial 
bottom,  timbered  with  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  gum  and 
ash,  ve«iy  fertile  in  their  character,  and  with  but  little  outlay 
for  improvement  are  cap.ab!e  of  being  made  a^?  good  farms  as 
can  be  foand  in  the  country.  Oa  siome  of  these  lands  near 
the  railroad  large  beds  of  coal  and  gypsum  have  recestly  been 
discovered.  The  uplands  of  the  company,  situated  in  Clark, 
Pike  and  Jolin-son,  are  also  in  many  instances  rich  in  gold, 
copper,  zinc  and  coal.  All  information  concerning  price  and 
terms  of  occupation  can  be  attained  from  H.  G.  Pattillo,  the 
company's  land  commissioner,  at  Arkadclphia.  Clark  county, 
Arkansas. 


l.ITTLb:  ilOCK  AND  FORT   SMl'llI  JiAILROAD. 

A  glance  at  the  map  of  the  United  States  will  show  the 
commanding  geographical  position  which  Arkansas  occupies 
in  the  railway  system.  On  her  southwest  lie's  the  great  state 
of  Texas,  only  to  be  reached  from  the  north  and  east  through 
her  territory ;  and  on  the  west  lies  the  Indian  territory,  the 
finest  region  of  land  on  the  continent,  yet  unopened,  but  soon 
we  trust  to  be  brought  under  the  influences  of  civilization  and 
cultivation.     Here  is  an  empire — in  itself  larger  than  all  the 


KKSOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


Tiorthern  and  eastern  states — whose  direct  connection  with 
those  states  must  bo  throngli  x\rkansas.  Tiie  thirty-tifth  par- 
allel passes  through  the  center  of  the  state,  and  along  and 
near  this  are  found  the  rivers  and  valleys  which  furnish  realh' 
the  onl}'  natural  and  direct  route  betwoeu  the  Mis^lssipiii  river 
and  the  Pacific  ocean. 

This  road  forms  a  Nccy  important  link  in  the  route  of  a 
thirty  fifth  parallel  road.  Commencing  on  the  nori,])  side  of 
the  Arkansas  river,  opposite  Little  Rock,  the  line  follows  the 
valley  of  the  Arkansas  at  variable  distances  from  tiie  river, 
touching  it  at  several  points,  and  runs  through  Lewisburg,  Rus- 
sellvillc  and  Clarksvillc  to  Van  Bureu  and  Fort  Smith.  The  di.'=- 
tance  is  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles.  Of  this,  one  hundred 
miles  at  the  eastern  end  is  in  operation,  reaching  to Clarksville. 
On  the  remaining  sixty  miles  the  v»-ork  is  in  an  advanced  state, 
ten  consecutive  mik^s  near  Van  Buren  being  graded.  Sur- 
veys have  been  made  from  Fort  Smith  and  Van  Buren 
lor  a  line  intersecting  the  main  branch  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  raih'oad  near  the  point  where  that  road  crosses  the 
Canadian,  an<l  a  perfectly  easy  and  practicable  route  has  been 
found.  From  Van  Buren  to  Fort  Gibson  the  construction  of 
only  sixty  miles  of  cheaply  graded  road  is  required  to  make 
the  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  road  the  southern  and  south- 
eastern outlet  for  the  great  network  of  roads  west  of  the  IVIis- 
souri.  The  construction  of  this  short  Imk  would  connect  it 
with  mor«  than  three  thou^sand  miles  of  railway  now  in  suc- 
cessful operation,  whose  only  natural  outlet  is  through  the 
Arkansas  valley.  For  a  distance  of  lour  hundred  miles  from 
St,  Louis  on  the  north  to  the  Red  river  on  the  south,  no  other 
route  can  be  found  which  can  take  its  place.  Preparations 
are  now  l)eing  made  for  the  construction  of  a  magnificent  iron 
bridge  to  carry  this  road  and  the  Memphis  and  Little  Rock 
road  into  Little  Rock,  where  a  site  has  been  secured  fi)r  a 
commodious  terminal  station  for  both  roads.  The  easterly 
connection  between  these  roads  is  on  the  north  side  of  the 
river,  and  tlirough  traffic  does  not  necessarily  cross,  but  by 
this  hi'id<i:o  the  connection   is  to  be  made  witli  the   roads  run- 


KESOURCES  OF  AKKANSAS. 


uincj  soutli  and  soutlieast  from  Little  Rock.  Thus  will  this 
road  occnp3'  a  po.sitior>  between  the  roads  west  and  northwest 
and  makes  it  ar)  unavoidahle  link  in  the  i:^reat  tliirty-fifth  par- 
allel route  to  tiie  Pacific.  The  g'eneral  offices  of  the  road  are 
at  Little  Iv0(^k. 

THK    LITTLE    ROCK   AND    iMjUT    SMITH      KAILRoAD    COMPANY'S    LAND 

GRANT. 

Thi-;  roiid  lias  a  gruiif  ^^f  hmd  frrun  tiie  general  government 
of  over  a  million  acres,  h>cated  in  the  valley  of  the  Arkansas 
river,  and  for  jigrienltnrid.  fruit-growing  and  stock-raising  pnr- 
.poses  arc  not  sur[>assed  l>y  any  lands  west  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  This  valley  embraces  all  that  country  lying  l^etween 
tlie  Ozark  range  of  mountains  on  the  north  and  the  Masserne 
range  on  the  t-outh  side  of  the  river,  fropi  Little  Rock  to  the 
western  boundary  of  the  state,  and  may  l_)e  estimated  at  about 
seventy  miles  u-owi  norrh  to  south  ;ind  one  hundred  and  ufty 
miles  from  east  to  west.  Its  area  is  about  10,500  square  miles, 
or  6,720,000  acres,  or  oue-fif[h  part  of  the  state,  and  ipcludes 
all  of  ten  counties  atwl  portions  of  several  others,  with  a  pop- 
ulation of  about  120,00!)  souls.  But  few  countries  are  so 
well  watered  as  ihis  valley.  A  glance  at  the  map  will 
show  ho'.v  admirably  every  })ortion  of  it  is  intersected  by 
rivers,  creeks  and  strcajulets.  This  part  of  the  state 
is  filling  up  very  rapidly  with  an  enterprising  population. 
New  dwellings  meet  the  eye  in  various  places.  While  on  one 
hand  the  forests  are  disappearing  before  tlie  axe  of  the  pio- 
neer, on  the  other  the  prairie  is  yielding  to  the  plow.  Wealth 
and  all  its  attendant  comforts  and  luxuries  are  also  rapidly  in- 
creasing, as  is  shown  by  the  assessor-'^'  books  of  these  counties. 
The  .surface  is  broken,  the  ci>iintry  presenting,  high  and  dry, 
bottoms,  large  tracts  of  uplands,  beautiful  ridges  and  moun- 
tain slopes,  and,  therefore,  have  g.)od  drainage.  Numerous 
bold,  clear  springs  gush  froin  the  foothills  and  ridges.  The 
timber  of  the  vuiley  throughout  is  much  alike.  The  trees  of 
these  forest's  are  huge,  tall  and  numberless.  All  the  oaks, 
save    live,   ash,  cottouvvood,  wahiut,    cherry,   pecan,  hickory, 


RESOURCES  OF  AllKANSAS.  79 

mulberiy,  sassafras,  gum,  sycamore,  maple,  cypress,  cedar,  pine, 
(logwood,  and  other  valuable  woods  abound  in  a  maze  of  mag- 
nificence, intertwined  with  grape,  some  of  which  are  ten  inches 
in  diameter,  and  other  vines,  fretted  witli  reeds  and  tall  grasses, 
and  tufted  with  a  luxuriant  and  flowing  undergrowth.  The 
soil  of  the  river  and  creek  bottoms  is  very  fertile.  Its  capacity 
for  produce  is  almost  unlimited.  Cotton  yields  from  one  to 
one  and  a  half  bales  per  acre,  corn  from  forty-iive  to  seventy- 
five  bushels  per  acre,  wheat  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  bushels 
per  acre,  and  otlier  cereals  and  grasses  in  the  same  ratio,  with 
inferior  cultivation.  Tobacco  grows  far  better  than  in  Mary- 
land, while  hemp  does  as  well  as  in  Kentucky,  according  to  the 
few  tests  made  ©f  it.  Barley  and  rye  yield  as  heavy  as  any 
lands  outside  of  California.  Peaches,  pears  and  apples  grow 
as  finely  as  in  any  region  in  Iho  west.  Fine,  luscious  wild 
grapes,  muscadines,  plums,  and  all  the  berries  abound.  The 
grasses  are  ver^^  abundant  and  nutritious,  whilst  clover,  timo- 
thy, herd  and  other  cultivated  grasses  do  well.  Stock  of  all 
kinds  thi'ive  here,  little  food  being  required  for  them  in 
winter. 

This  valley  is  also  remarlcable  for  its  rich  mineral  deposits  of 
coal  and  various  ores.  The  noted  Kellogg  lead  mines,  and  the 
various  coal  beds  now  being  successfully  worked,  but  to  a 
limited  degree,  are  all  within  the  lines  of  this  grant;  and  we 
venture  the  opinion  that  mining  capital  nowhere  in  the  wdiolo 
country  can  be  more  remuneratively  employed  than  in  this 
valley.  The  road  passes  tlirough  the  heart  of  tlie  coal  fields  of 
Arkansas,  embracing  about  12  000  square  miles,  for  its  entire 
length,  and  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  the  whole  Missis- 
sippi valley  will  l»e  dependent  upon  these  coal  fields  for  its 
supply.  The  lands  were  granted  to  the  company  in  1853,  and 
have  been  reserved  from  sale  to  this  time.  They  are  now  in 
the  midst  of  good  settlements,  schools  and  churches,  and  are 
ofiered  for  sale  on  exceedingly  liberal  terms  and  at  very  low 
rates;  and  we  believe  that  nowhere  in  the  whole  country,  con- 
sidering soil,  climate,  health,  productivencfs  and  accessibility 
to  market,  can   the  immigrant  find   a  more   desirable  home. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


This  range  of  the  Ozark  mountains  is  famous  for  its  very  rich 
benches,  hill  slopes  and  table  land,  the  soil  being  enriched  bj 
the  limestone  therein.  It  is  covered  by  bottom  growth  of  tinn- 
ber.  It  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  grain,  tobacco,  the  grape  and 
pastures, the  numerous  springs  affording  plenty  of  watpr.  Tha 
Arkansas  valley,  all  things  considered,  is  the  loveliest,  fairest? 
richest  and  healthie.-t  portion  of  the  state,  and  is  destined  to 
become,  at  no  distant  day,  the  wealthiest  and  n_iost  populous 
part  of  the  state.  Through  the  heart  of  this  valley,  along  the 
river,  amid  fine  jarms,  thrift}'  settlements,  good  markets  and 
other  appliances  of  civilization,  run  the  railroad  lands.  They 
are  in  alternate  sections,  on  cither  side,  and  within  twenty*"' 
miles  of  the  line  of  the  railroad.  Improved  farms  along  the  • 
line  of  this  road,  in  tliis  valley,  are  held  at  fioni  thirty  to  fifty 
dollars  per  acre,  which  tends  to  show  the  far  looking  immi- 
grant how  valuable  the  lands  now  owned  by  the  company  will 
become  when  improved ;  yet  these  railroad  lauds  can  be  bought 
on  long  time  at  the  following  prices:  LTplands  vary  in  price 
from  $2  50  to  $7  per  acre,  liver  bottoms  from  $9  to  S25,  and 
creek  bottoms  from  S-l  to  $10,  depending  upon  soil,  timber, 
locality,  and  the  other  considerations  which  affect  value. 

For  further  details  and  general  information  we  refer  the 
reader  to  the  pamphlet  recently  issued  bj-  the  land  commis- 
sioner of  the  company  at  Little  Kock,  containing  maps  of  each 
county,  and  of  each  forty-acre  tract  in  the  whole  grant,  wha 
furni.shes  them  gratuitously  to  applicants. 


TUK  MKMPHLS  AXD  J.ITTLE  llOGK  KAILKOAD. 

This  road  is  131  miles  long,  completed  and  in  successful 
operation.  It  travei'ses  a  fine  section  of  the  state.  It  gives  an 
outlet  to  a  region  rich  in  agricultural  productions.  It  is  of 
jirime  importance  not  only  to  local  business,  but  to  that 
through  trade  v.'ith  the  cast.  This  road  has  received  a  large 
grant  of  imblic  lances  ;  the  tract  still  owned  by  the  compatiy 


KKSOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  8] 


contains:  about  150,000  acres.  These  lands  are  fine  lor  agricul- 
ture or  stock  raising;  they  are  accessible  and  clieap.  Great 
inducements  will  be  oiiered  to  actual  settlers  who  will  improve 
the  land.     P>.  D.  Williams,  land  agent,  Little  Kock." 


AKKAN\SA8  CENTRAL  UAILKOAR 

Tlie  Ai"kansas  Central  railroad  and  branches — the  main  line 
jrom  Helena  to  Little  liock,  crossing  White  river  near  Aber- 
deen, witli  a  bran.ch  to  Clarendon.  Of  the  main  lirje,  that  por- 
tion I'rom  Helena  1o  White  river  and  branch  to  Clarendon, 
lifty-two  miles,  is  in  successful  operation,  doing  a  splendid 
business.  The  line  from  A7hite  river  to  Little  Rock,  fifty 
miles,  is  almost  entirely  graded;  the  iron  will  be  laid  and  tbe 
road  opened  through  by  January  1,1874,  Thirty  miles  west 
of  tbe  White  river,  crossing  the  branch  line  to  Pine  Bluff,  iifty 
miles  long,  leaves  the  main  line.  This  branch  is  under  con- 
tract, to  be  completed  b}'  December  1,  1873.  The  gauge  of 
tiie  road  is  three  feet  si.\  inches,  'i'liis  gauge  was  adopted  so 
as  to  be  in  conformity  with  the  gauge  of  the  great  Southern 
Paciiic  line,  of  which  tbe  Arkansas  Central,  b}-  its  Pine  Bluff 
branch,  will  tbrni  one  of  the  most  prominent  northern  and 
northeastern  outlets. 

CONKECTION.^. 

West  with  the  Cairo  and  Fulton,  and  Little  Rock  and  Fort 
Smith  railroads  ;  east  with  the  Helena  and  Corinth,  and  Helena 
and  Mobile  railroads.  I'he  Pino  P>luif  branch  connects  with 
the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  and  Xew  Orleans  railroad. 

OFFICERS. 

The  oflicers  of  the  company  are  as  follows:  S.  W.  Dorsey, 
president;  J.  M.  Peck,  secretary;  J.  J.  Horner,  treasurer;  J. 
Q.  Taylor,  land  coinmissi(>ncr ;  .1.  E.  (Jre^rg,  superintendent  of 


RESOUECES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


construction  ;    C.  S.  Miller,  chief  engineer.      General  oiFices, 
Helena. 

ARKANSAS  CENTRAL    RAILROAD  COMPANY'S  LANDS. 

This  company  has  200,000  acres  of  as  fine  lands  as  can  bo 
found  in  this  state.  These  lan'^^s  were  subscribed  bv  land- 
owners along  the  line  of  the  main  line  and  branch  to  assist  in 
building  this  important  road.  In  point  of  value,  for  agricul- 
tural or  stock  growing  purposes,  they  are  not  excelled  by  any 
other  portion  of  the  state.  They  arc  now  offered,  for  the  first 
time,  at  low  rat€s  and  easy  terms. 

The  section  of  country  traversed  by  this  railroad  is  one  of 
the  finest  cotton-producing  localities  in  the  south,  but  it  is  as 
yet  only  partially  developed.  It  consists  of  an  elevated  table- 
land, every  acre  of  which  is  susceptible  of  cultivation.  The 
ordinary  yield  of  cotton  is  one  bale  to  the  acre,  ivhich,  by 
proper  cultivation,  can  be  increased  to  one  and  a  half  or  two 
bales.  This  is  the  natural  production  of  the  soil,  no  manures 
being  u.-ed.  TIic  demand  i'ov  lands  along  this  road  has  largely 
increased,  and  business  of  all  kinds  has  been  greatly  improved 
by  the  building  of  this  important  railroad.  Some  idea  of  the 
rich  and  fertile  country  opened  up  by  this  road  may  be  in- 
ferred from  the  fdct  that  the  counties  .traversed  by  the  road 
shipped,  last  season,  nearly  ninety  thousand  bales  of  cotton 
alone ;  the  product  of  corn  was  also  large,  as  this  soil  will 
yield  on  new  land  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  bushels  to  the 
acre.  To  the  agriculluralist  and  stock  grower  this  is  an  inviting 
resrion. 


LITTLE  UOCK,   PINK   IJLUFF  AND  NEW  ORLEANS 

RAILROAD. 

lioginning  at  tlic  city  of  Little  Rock,  the  line  passes  through 
or  near  the  city  of  Line  Bluff,  thence  centrally  through  the 
counties  of  Drew  aiwtl  Ashley,  and  terminates  at  the  Louisiana 


RESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  -  8?. 

line.  At  Pine  Bluff  the  Cliieot  branch  (comprehended  in  the 
charter  of  the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluft"  and  New  Orleans  Rail- 
road company)  diverges.  This  road  follows  the  valley  of  the 
Arkansas  occupying  the  site  of  the  Little  Rock  and  Napoleon 
railroad  to  near  Red  Fork  bayou;  thence  the  line  deflects 
southward,  and  touching  at  a  good  landing  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  near  the  mouth  of  Cypress  creek,  terminates  at  Chicot, 
or  at  the  point  of  junction  or  intersection  with  the  Mississippi, 
Ouachita  and  Red  River  railroad.  The  length  of  the  main 
stem,  from  Little  Rock  to  the  Louisiana  line,  is  135  miles.  The 
length  of  the  Chicot  branch  will  be  about  75  miles.  The  line 
Jrom  Little  Rock  to  Pine  Bluff,  45  miles  in  length,  passes  over 
undulating,  yet  ver\'  favorable  ground.  Practically  straight 
between  those  points,  there  are  no  important  streams  .to  be 
crossed,  and  using  easy  gradients,  the  maximum  cuttings  or 
embankments  will  not  exceed  eight  feet  in  depth.  From  Pine 
Bluff'  southward,  the  route  passes  over  the  elevated  bottom 
lands  of  Bayou  Bartholomev/ for  a  distance  of  about  twenty 
miles;  thence  rising  l)y  an  easy  ascent  to  the  upland  which 
separates  the  waters  of  Bayou  Bartholomew  from  the  waters 
of  the  Saline  river,  the  line  occupies  an  almost  unbroken  pla- 
teau to  the  Louisiana  line. 

PROGRESS. 

This  road  is  in  active  process  of  construction ;  75  miles  from 
Ohicot  to  Pine  Bluff' is  completed  and  doing  a  ffne  business. 
Tlie  45  miles  from  Pine  Bluff'  to  Little  Rock  will  be  open  for 
Irade  and  travel  by  July  1,  1874. 

OFFICERS. 

The  officers  arc:  Powell  Clayton,  president;  J.  E.  Sickels, 
chief  engineer:  G.  P.  C.  Rumbough,  consulting  engineer. 
Ceneral  offices,  Chicot. 


«4  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


THE  MISSISSIPPI,  OUACHITA  AXD   RED  PJVEPv 
RAILROAD. 

The  company  was  organized  in  185-2,  nndera  special  charter, 
veiy  liberal  in  its  terms. 

ROUTE. 

The  road  begins  a  Chicot,  a  good  landing  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  inidway  between  the  month  of  the  Arkansas  river  and 
the  Louisiana  line,  and  taking  nearly  a  dne  west  course,  termi- 
nates at  orneartl  c  town  of  Texarcana,  on  Red  river,  just  above 
the  raft.  Its  length  is  about  ISo  miles,  exceeding  an  air  line 
in  length  by  a  fraction  over  three  miles.  Maximum  grade, 
tifty  feet  per  mile.  Ninety-five  jDer  cent,  of  the  route  gradesdo 
not  exceed  ten  feet  per  mile.  Thirty  miles  of  this  road  are 
completed,  and  100  miles  more  graded,  bridged  and  ready  for 
the  iron.  The  completed  portion  of  the  road  is  now  doing  a 
large  and  jDrosperous  business,  transporting  over  two  hundred 
bales  of  cotton  daily  to  Chicot  duiing  the  cotton  season.  The 
business  of  this  road  will  he  very  large  and  profitable,  running 
as  it  does  through  a  country  second  to  none  in  fertility. 

COXNECTIONS.      . 

At  Chicot  it  connects  with  the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Dhitt*  and 
New  Orleans  road,  which  will  extend  southward  to  A'icksburg, 
giving  a  continuous  line  to  New  Orleans;  northward  with 
Memphis  and  the  entire  west  and  north.  At  Texarcana  it  will 
connect  with  the  Texas  Pacific. 

The  oificers  are:  Powell  Clayton,  President;  E.  AVebstcr, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer;  J.  R.  Young,  Assistant  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  ;  T.  P.  Dockery  and  B.  W.  IMartin,  I^and  Com- 
missioners. 

Illb;    1,.\N1>    C.liAXT, 

This  railroad  company  has  a  large  grant  of  land  (300,000 
acres)  for  sale,  located  on  l)Oth  sides  and  within  twenty  miles 
of  the  line  of  the  road.     These  lands  are  covered  witli   forests 


KESOUKCES  OF  AKKAXSAJ>. 


of  some  of  the  finest  pine  and  oak  timber  in  the  Union,  and 
naturally  suggest  to  the  mind  the  immense  lumber  business 
that  will  grow  up  here  when  the  railroad  is  completed,  finding 
a  remunerative  market  at  Now  Orleans  and  places  up  the 
river. 

In  an  agricultural  point  the  land  throngh  which  the  road 
runs  is  one  of  the  richest  cotton  and  corn  countries  in  the  state, 
yielding  annually  immense  crops  of  those  articles,  which  is  a 
strong  inducement  for  the  rapid  completion  of  the  road,  an<l 
still  a  stronger  inducement  for  settlers  to  secure  to  themselves 
a  home,  at  low  figures  and  on  long  terms,  along  the  line  of 
the  Mississippi,  Ouachita  and  Eed  Hiver  railroad.  From  the 
very  nature  of  things  these  lands  are  soon  to  become  very 
valuable. 


rROSPEOTlVE  RAILROADS. 

For  details  of  those  railroads  chartered  by  this  state  which 
are  noM/  in  existence  or  not  forfeited,  we  must  refer  to  the 
records  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  state.  In  regard  to 
them  our  information  is  very  imperfect  and  uncertain;  some 
of  them  are  very  important,  and  we  have  no  doubt  will  be 
constructed  at  no  very  distant  day.  We  shall  name  only  a  few 
HTid  tlieir  routes  as  projected. 

MEMPHIS  AM>  KANSAS  CITY. 

From  Memphis,  Tennessee,  through  Jacksonport,  Bates- 
vilie,  Yellville  and  into  Missouri,  and  thence  to  Kansas  City. 
This  road  is  under  contract  and  forty  or  more  miles  ready  for 
the  iron.  It  runs  through  a  fine  country — the  celebrated 
White  river  valley — and  is  in  the  hands  of  energetic  and 
inoniod  men,  who  will  hurry  it  through  to  completion. 

MEMPHIS,  SflREVEPORT    A^iD    TEXAS. 

From  Memphis,  through  Devalls  Bluff,  I*ine  Blufi",  Camdea 
and  Shreveport,  and  on  into  Texas, 


8(J  KESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

HELENA    AND   IRON   :M0UNTAIN. 

From  Helena  to  the  Cairo  arcl  Fulton,  near  the  Missouri 
state  line.  This  is  an  important  road,  running  through  the 
best  developed  grain  and  fruit  counties  in  eastern  Arkansaa. 

ST.  LOUIS  AND  LITTLE  ROCK. 

From  Cuba  Citj  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacilic  railroad,  run- 
ning south  through  Missouri,  entering  Arkansas  in  Fultou 
county,  thence  through  Batesville  to  Little  Rock. 

WHITE  RIVER  VALLEY  AND  TEXAS. 

From  Batesville,  on  White  river,  via  Devalls  Blufl'to  Pine 
Bluff,  and  thence  direct  to  Texas  via  Shreveport  and  Mar- 
shall. 

ARKANSAS    AND    LOUISIANA. 

From  Little  Eock  due  south  through  Arkansas  to  Alex- 
andria, Louisiana,  thence  to  Opelousas,  Berwick's  Bay  and 
'^Qsv  Orleans. 

LIT^ILE  ROCK  AND  SHREVEPORT. 

From  Little  Rock,  via  Camden,  to  Shreveport,  Louisiana. 

NORTH  ARKANSAS  CENTRAL. 

From  Jacksonport,  via  Batesville,  to  Fayetteville,  and 
thence  to  Venita,  Indian  territory. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTIES, 


ARKANS.^S    COUNTY 


Is  boiintled  on  the  north  by  Monroe  and  Prairie  counties,  on 
the  cast  by  White  river,  on  the  south  by  Deslia  county  and 
Arkansas  river,  and  on   the  west  by  Jetierson    and  Prairie 
counties.     The  surface  of  this  county  is  gently  rolling,  with 
occasional  knolls  and  ridges,  and  bottom  land  along  the  Ark- 
ansas and  White  rivers  and  smaller  streams  and  their  tribu- 
taries.    About  one-half  is  prairie  land.     From  one  thousand 
to  eighteen  hundred  pounds  (three-fourths  to   one  and  one- 
fourth  bales)  of  seed  cotton,  and  from  thirty  to  fifty  bushels 
of  corn  per  acre,  is  about  the  rate  of  production.     Wheat,  oats, 
hay    and  potatoes    produce    excellent.     Stock-raising    is   an 
important  branch  of  industry.     The  leading  varieties  of  fruit 
are  abundant.     Timber   in  abundance  and   of  good  quality. 
DeWitt,  a  small  town  of  some  two  hundred  inhabitants,  is  the 
county-seat.     The  population  of  this  county  in  1870  was  8268. 
Some  of  the  very  finest  land  of  the  state  lies  in  this  county 
which  can  be  had  in  an  unimproved  state  for  from  one  to  six 
dollars  per  acre.     Improved   farms   are   w^orth    from  five   to 
twenty  five  dollars  per  acre.     This  county  is  rapidly  filling  up 
with  settlers  from  the  northwestern   states,  and  it  is  destined 
to  sustain  a  large  and  prosperous  population.     The  real  estate 
assessment  for  ]872  tells  this  story— $1,481,940.     The   next 
assessment  in  1876  will  tell  a  difibrent  tale,  if  natural  advan- 
tages amount  to  anything.     This  county  contains  twenty-four 
church  buildings,  fifteen  school-houses  and  nine  steam  saw 
and  grist   mills.      The    Arkansas     Central    railroad    passes 
through  the  northern  border  of  the  county  ;   this,  with  White 
and  Arkansas  rivers,  furnish  transportation. 


88  RES()L'KCi'>^  OF   ARKANSAS. 


ASHLEY    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  oti  the  south  by  the  state  of  Louisiuiui,  east  by  Chi- 
cot county,  north  by  Drew,  west  by  Bradley  and  Union  county. 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  this  county  meanders  the  "  Bayou 
Bartholomew,"  a  stream  of  considerable  importance  in  an 
agricultural  point  of  view.  The  lands  on  either  bank  are  high 
and  entirely  above  overflow,  and  have  a  gradual  descent  for 
the  distance  of  one  mile  on  either  side,  and  are,  consequently, 
well  drained.  The  soil  is  a  rich  alluvium,  and  very  produc- 
tive. Its  banks  are  dotted  with  numerous  and  extensive  plan- 
tations. Still,  thousands  of  acres  of  these  magnificent  lands 
are  in  their  wild  or  virgin  state,  awaiting  the  axe  and  the  plow 
of  the  sturdy  pioneer  to  develop  their  resources  and  make  this 
one  of  the  finest  cotton  regions  of  the  state.  This  stream  is 
navigable  during  the  spring  rise,  for  small  boats,  some  threo 
hundred  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Ouachita  river. 
The  principal  productions  are  cotton  and  corn,  sweet  potatoes, 
peas,  etc.,  etc.  Various  kinds  of  fruit,  as  the  apple,  peach  and 
currant,  are  very  abundant.  Timber  growth.  ]Ano  on  the  up- 
lands and  oak  on  the  bottoms. 

BENJ'OX    COUN'l'N' 

[s  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  state  of  Missouri,  and  on  the 
west  by  the  Indian  Territory.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  it 
lies  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  state.  Population  in  1870, 
13,831,  of  which  182  were  colored.  Bentonville,  a  beautifully 
located  town  of  1400  inhabitants,  is  the  county  seat.  The  land 
is  high  and  rolling,  divided  into  a  series  of  ridges  by  numerous 
clear  streams  of  never- failing  water.  Soil  favorable  for  grain, 
fruit  and  stock  growing.  Tobacco  is  raised  here  of  the  finest 
quality  at  the  rate  of  800  to  1000  pounds  to  the  acre.  It  is 
celebrated  for  its  fruit,  and  for  fine  cattle  and  sheep.  Timber 
growth  principally  oak,  black  walnut,  pine  and  hickory  ;  un- 
dergrowth hazel  and  grapevines.  Water  power  abundant  ; 
fourteen  water-power  mills,  four  of  them  saw  mills ;  also,  four 
steam  grist  and  fiour  and  two  steam  saw-mills  are  to  be  seen 
here.     A  railroad  from  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  near  Spring- 


liK.soUKCKS  oy  AKKAMSA.'^. 


field,  j\Io.,  to  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  is  promised  to  the  people  of 
this  county  in  eighteen  months.  Two  tobacco  factories,  one 
planing  mill  and  six  or  eight  tan-yards  are  located  in  tliii* 
count}-. 

!!')(» \K   c^n■^T^ 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  state  ot"  Missouri,  east  b}'  Ma- 
rion tind  west  by  Carroll  counties.  Surface  is  broken,  inter- 
spersed with  creek  bottoms  and  prairies.  Soil  usually  fertile, 
producing  cotton,  corn,  wheat  and  other  grains.  Clover,  timo- 
thy and  red  top  grow  luxuriantly.  This  is  one  of  the  choice 
fruit  counties.  Stock-raising  is,  also,  a  profitable  avocation. 
Lead  mines  of  the  richest  variety  are  found  here,  and  three 
smelting  furnaces  are  in  operation.  Timber  abundant,  of  val- 
uable varieties.  Lumber  worth  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  dol- 
lars per  thousand  feet  at  the  mills,  of  which  there  are  four  in 
the  county.  Water  power  abundant.  Nine  water-]30wer  grist- 
mills are  located  here.  'J'he  Memphis  and  Kansas  City  and 
[N'orth  Arkansas  Central  lailroads  are  expected  to  run  through 
this  county.  The  United  States  land  office  for  the  Fayetteville 
district  is  located  at  Harrison,  the  county  seat,  a  town  of  about 
300  inhabitants.  Eellefont,  a  town  of  400  inhabitants,  is  also 
in  this  county,  about  four  miles  from  Harrison. 

miADLEY  COIN'TV 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Dorse_\',  on  the  wesc  by  Calhoun, 
and  on  the  south  by  Union  and  Ashley.  Population  in  1870, 
86-14.  Warren,  the  county  seat,  has  a  population  of  400.  Sur- 
face rolling  for  the  most  part ;  the  high  bottom  land  of  the 
Saline  river  will  produce  a  bale  of  cotton,  or  from  thirty  to 
thirty-five  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  In  the  vicinity  of 
Warren,  the  soils  are  of  a  light  chocolate  color,  underlaid  by 
red  clay.  The  principal  growth  is  post-oak,  black-oak  and 
pine,  with  an  undergrowth  of  dogwood,  maple  and  hazel.  It 
will  produce  eight  hundred  pounds  of  seed  cotton,  from  25  to 
30  bushels  of  corn,  or  from  15  to  20  bushels  of  wheat  to  the 
acre.  In  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  on  what  is  called 
7 


00  RESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

the  "  secoad  bottom,"  or  "  hummock  land,"  there  are  many 
•ancient  mounds,  with  local  beds  of  fresh-water  shells.  This 
:soil  yields  from  1000  to  1500  pounds  of  seed  cotton,  or  from  30 
to  35  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  The  principal  growth  is 
liickory,  pine  and  oak ;  the  undergrowth  is  switch-hazel  and 
sumac.  The  low  bottom  land  is  a  white  clay,  cold  and  wet, 
with  an  abundant  growth  of  palmetto.  Lignite  is  found  at 
many  places  in  this  part  of  the  county,  in  beds  from  G  to  7  feet 
thick,  compact  and  of  a  black  color.  Leading  products — cotton, 
corn,  wheat,  oats  and  rve.  Muscadine  and  other  wild  grapes 
grow  here  in  abundance,  and  con?iderablc  wine  is  made  in  this 
county. 

BAXTER    COUNTY, 

Named  in  honor  of  our  present  Governor,  Hon.  Elisha  Baxter, 
was  created  by  the  legislature  in  1873,  from  portions  of  Ma- 
rion, Fulton  and  Izard  counties.  The  surface  is  rolling  and 
hilly.  The  lands  lying  on  White,  Big  North  Fork  and  Ben- 
nett's rivers  are  very  rich,  adapted  to  cotton  and  grain.  The 
uplands — or  barrens,  as  they  are  called — are  more  or  less  rough 
and  rolling;  this  soil  is  well  suited  for  grain,  fruit  and  sheep 
raising.  Several  streams  run  through  this  county,  affording 
valuable  water  power.  Timber  growtli — oak,  hickory,  black 
walnut,  pine,  etc.  Minerals — iron,  lead  and  zinc.  For  the 
immigrant  that  wants  a  quiet  home,  where  he  can  raise  grain, 
fruit,  stock  or  cotton,  Baxter  county  will  answer. 

CALHOUN    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Bradley,  south  by  Union,  west  by 
Ouachita,  north  by  Dallas  county.  Surface  generally  level 
Soil  of  medium  fertility  in  the  northern  portion ;  on  the 
Ouachitd"  river  bottoms,  soil  very  productive.  Cotton  and 
corn  are  the  chief  products.  Wheat,  oats  and  sweet  potatoes 
are  raised  to  a  limited  extent.  Not  much  land  in  this  county 
under  cultivation.  Fruit  does  well.  Timber  abundant ;  prin- 
cipally pine,  oak,  elm,  hickory,  gum  and  dogwood.  The  Mis- 
sissippi, Ouachita  and  Red  River  railroad  passes  through  this 
county.  Population,  3855.  Hampton  is  the  county  seat;  it 
has  a  population  of  some  350  souls. 


u;;s()Uiu'Ks  i)V  akkansas.  ',»i 

CARROLL    COUNTY 

Is  bouiuled  on  tlio  nortli  l>y  tlio  vState  of  Missouri,  east  by 
Boono,  and  west  by  Benton  counties.  Surface  mountainous 
and  billy,  witb  some  prairie  in  spots.  Soil  good  for  all  tbe 
grain  crops;  excellent  for  clover,  tirnotb^'.or  lierd  grass.  A 
splendid  county  for  stock,  especially  for  slieep ;  a  great  num- 
ber of  them  could  be  raised  here.  Fruit  ot  several  varieties 
thrive  well.  Fruit  and  grain  cheap  for  want  of  a  market,  the 
nearest  now  being  Springfield,  Missouri,  sixty  miles  distant. 
When  the  Memphis  and  Kansas  City  or  the  North  Arkansas 
Central  railroad  is  built  to  this  county,  a  good  market  will  l)e 
opened  in  the  southern  cities.  AVell  watered  by  clear  streams, 
and  much  valuable  water  power,  on  which  arc  located  eleven 
saw,  grist  and  flouring  mills.  Timber  abundant ;  principally 
walnut,  oak,  ash,  cherry,  elm,  hickory  and  hackberry.  Popu- 
lation, 5780.  Carrollton,  a  village  of  -00  souls,  is  the  county 
seat. 

CHICOT    COUNTV 

Is  bounded  on  tlie  south  by  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  has  the 
Mississippi  river  for  its  entire  eastern  Ijorder,  being  the  south- 
east corner  county.  Population  in  1870,  7214.  Lake  Village 
is  the  county  seat.  The  surface  of  this  county  is  low  and  level. 
This  county  is  situated  exclusively  in  the  valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. This  valley  has  an  average  width  here  of  from  twenty- 
five  to  thirty  miles,  and  is  interspersed  with  numerous  lakes  and 
bayous.  The  liigher  lands  arc  the  banks  of  the  i  iver  and  larger 
bayous.  This,  with  the  reclaimed  lands,  conslituto  one  of  the 
finest  cotton-growing  districts  in  the  state;  the  soil  is  com- 
posed of  a  rich  sandy  loam,  yielding  from  one  to  two  bales  of 
cotton  to  the  acre.  The  surface  in  the  western  portion,  near 
Bayou  Bartholomew,  is  high  and  well  drained.  Hero  are 
numerous  and  extensive  plantations  ;  the  soil  is  a  rich  allu- 
vium, and  very  productive.  Leading  products  are  cotton  mid 
corn. 

CLARK    COUNTY. 

This  county  is  located  in  the  southern  central  portion  of  the 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


state.  Arkadelphia,  Rome,  Okolono  and  Antoine  are  all  towns 
of  active  trade  and  promise.  Arkadelphia,  the  county  seat  of 
the  county,  and  formerly  the  seat  of  government  of  the  state,^ 
is  situated  on  the  Ouachita  river  at  the  head  of  navigation. 
On  account  of  its  commanding  location,  beauty,  health,  pleas- 
ant and  prosperous  surroundings,  next  to  Little  Kock,  the 
capital  of  the  state,  it  is  the  most  important  city  on  the  line 
of  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  and  in  the  state.  Since  the 
completion  of  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  to  this  place, 
making  through  and  direct  connection  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,. 
building  has  been  rapidly  pushed  forward,  new  enterprises 
have  sprung  up,  and  population  rapidh^  coming  in.  The 
Ouachita  Valle}^  railroad  also  runs  from  this  place  to  Camden, 
a  distance  of  forty  miles  southeast,  making  a  direct  connection 
with  New  Orleans  for  all  the  country  north  of  this  county. 
The  completion  of  this  road  within  this  year,  as  is  contem- 
p)lated,  wnll  greatly  enhance  the  already  increasing  interests  of 
both  Arkadelphia  and  Camden. 

The  lands  in  this  county  are  very  productive,  and  are  tim- 
l)ered  with  oak,  hickory,  gum,  walnut  and  ash.  Fruit  is 
raised  here  without  trouble.  The  hills  are  very  rich  in  min- 
erals. Limestone  is  abundant,  and  a  large  <|uantity  of  lime  is 
burned.  On  account  of  the  numerous  advantages  which  this 
founty  affords,  it  will  l)e  very  attractive. 

COLUMBIA     CCrXTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  state  of  Louisiana,  east  by 
Ouachita  and  Union,  north  b}'  Ouachita  and  Nevada,  and  on 
the  west  by  Lafayette  county.  Population,  11,397.  The  county 
seat,  Magnolia,  is  a  thriving  town  of  750  inhabitants.  It  has 
one  paper,  the  Magnolia  Flower.  The  surface  of  this  county 
is  rolling  in  the  northern  portion,  level  in  the  southern.  Soil 
produces  from  one  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred  pounds  of  seed 
cotton  to  the  acre.  Corn,  oats,  rye,  sweet  potatoes  and  peas 
are  grown  in  abundance.  In  fruits  we  find  here  peaches, 
pears,  plums  and  figs.  Timber  abundant,  such  as  pine,  oak, 
ash.  gum,  beech  and  hickor3\  The  St.  Louis,  Little  Rock  and 
Shreveport  railroad  will  pass  through  this  county. 


RESOURCES   OF   ARKANSAS. 


COXWAY    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Faulkner,  on  the  north  by  \'au 
Buren,  on  the  ^vest  by  Pope,  and  on  the  south  by  Perry.  The 
surface  of  the  northern  portion  is  broken  and  rough,  with 
rock;  3'et  Large  tracts  of  tillable  land  occur.  The  bottoms  of 
the  Arkansas  river  are  fine  and  wide.  The  table  lands  arc 
level  or  little  broken;  they  spread  out  in  wide  tracts,  and 
skirt  the  river  lowlands.  The  soil  of  the  lowlands  is  ver\' 
fertile.  Cotton  and  corn  are  the  leading  products.  Wheat 
and  other  grains  grow  well,  and  the  grasses  also.  The  wild 
grasses  are  very  luxuriant,  and  the  wild  grape  mats  the  under- 
^row^th,  which  is  rich  and  dense.  The  uplands  are  fertile  in 
all  the  grains  and  fruit.  The  range  is  good,  and  springs  gusli 
out  along  the  hillsides  and  creek  valleys.  Stock-growing  is  a 
leading  branch  of  business  with  the  farmers  here.  Timothy, 
herdgrass  and  clover  flourisli.  Timber  growth,  oak,  hickory, 
pine,  walnut  and  cypress.  Several  creeks  and  streams  run 
through  the  county,  and  aftbrd  good  water  power.  Minerals- 
iron  in  abundance,  and  coal.  Improved  farms  are  worth  as 
high  as  fifty  dollars  per  acre,  though  some  can  be  bought  for 
from  ten  to  twenty.  Unimproved  land  can  be  had  for  five  to 
ten  dollars  per  acre.  A  number  of  choice  farms  are  here  for 
rent.  The  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  railroad  passes  through 
the  southern  portion.  The  Arkansas  river  also  runs  through 
this  portion.  Population,  8112.  Lewisburg,  situated  on  both 
the  river  and  railroad,  is  the  county  seat. 

CHAKillKAD    COUNTY. 

Situated  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  state,  and  lliinl 
■county  south  from  Missouri  line,  though  it  corners  with 
Dunklin  county  in  the  Missouri  neck.  It  was  formed  in 
1858,  of  portions  of  Greene,  Poinsett  and  Mississippi  counties. 
Population,  five  thousand.  Taxable  propert}-,  about  one  mil- 
lion dollars. 

The  western  i>ortion  of  the  county  lies  in  the  AVhite  river 
valley  and  is  watered  bv  Ciu'be  river.  Lake  Argnillsand  T'ayoii 


KE.SUUKCES    OF   ARKANSAS. 


Devieu,  with  numerous  smaller  streams  ;  is  mostly  timbered 
Avith  iiiie  oak  and  hickory  timber,  Avith  much  cypress  and 
some  belts  of  Avalnut  and  ash :  and  in  the  southAvest  part  of 
the  county  is  a  considerable  prairie.  This  section,  though 
level,  is  not  subject  to  overflow,  and  is  adapted  to  the  culti- 
vation of  corn,  cotton  and  grass — peculiarly  adapted  to  the 
growing  of  timothy.  This  section  is  most  successful  in  rais- 
ing hogs. 

The  middle  portion  of  the  county  is  a  part  of  Crowley 
Eidge,  which  is  an  elevated  portion  about  eight  miles  Avide  in 
this  county.  The  surface  is  somewhat  broken  in  places,  but 
is  generally  undulating  and  adapted  to  farming.  Tliis  soil 
is  good,  producing  com  and  wheat  and  a  tair  yield  of  cotton. 
The  timber  is  A'aried  ;  all  the  oaks  abound,  as  Avell  as  a  quan- 
tity of  poplar  and  gum,  Avith  hickory  and  dogwood. 

This  is  the  most  thickly  populated  portion  of  the  county. 
The  surface  of  the  ridge  itself — naturally  attractive —  is  beau- 
tified by  many  pleasant  homes  and  comfortable  farms,  while- 
churches  and  school-houses  are  found  in  nearly  every  neigh- 
borhood. 

Jonesboro,  the  county-toAvn,  is  situated  in  the  center  of  this 
section,  and  is  a  thriA'ing  little  town  Avith  a  large  trade  and 
a  rather  energetic  class  of  citizens.  Greensboro — in  the- 
northern  portion  of  the  county — is  also  on  the  ridge,  and  is  a, 
point  of  considerable  trade. 

The  eastern  point  of  the  county  lies  in  the  valley  ot  the  St. 
Francis  river,  Avhich  is  ua\'igable  into  this  county  by  steam- 
boats. This  is  the  richest  part  of  the  county,  and  is  perhaps- 
unsurpassed  in  fertility  bj'  any  portion  of  the  Mississippi  val- 
ley. Here  are  fouiid  large  bodies  of  the  finest  soil,  Avhere  a 
bale  of  cotton  per  acre  can  be  raised  and  corn  in  proportion.. 

There  is  a  fine  range  for  cattle,  Avhich  are  produced  in  great 
]iumbers,  Avith  little  or  no  trouble  or  expense. 

There  are  some  A'cry  fine  plantations  in  this  ^lortion  of  the- 
county  lying  along  the  St.  Francis  river  and  tributaries.  This- 
section  is  level  and  a  i)art  of  it  subject  to  overflow,  but  the- 
greater  portion  is  above  the  higliest  water.     The  remarkable 


KKSOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  95 

lake  made  by  the  earthquake  of  1811  is  in  thi?  section.  Buf- 
falo island  is  in  this  part  of  the  county — a  large  island  in  the 
lake,  of  wonderful  richness  in  soil  and  timber.  The  timber 
comprises  the  most  gigantic  species  of  oak,  ash,  walnut  and 
cypress.  A  number  of  settlements  have  been  mu<le  on  this 
island,  which  yield  corn  and  cotton  surprisingly.  This  island 
will,  at  an  earl}'  day,  be  densely  jieopled  on  account  of  its 
richness,  cheap  lands  and  convenience  to  transportation.  It  is, 
although  level  and  rich,  Ycry  healtby. 

The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  is  running  on  the  west  of  the 
county,  being  twenty  miles  from  Jonesboro  and  live  miles 
from  the  county  line.  The  Iron  Mountain  and  Uelena  rail- 
road, the  Kansas  City  and  Mcniphis  railroad,  and  the  St.. 
Louis  and  Memphis  railroad,  all  Avill  run  through  the  county, 
intersecting  at  or  near  Jonesboro.  One  of  these  roads  will, 
perhaps,  be  built  within  the  next  year. 

A  man  with  small  means — say,  one  thousand  dollars  or 
upwards — could  do  well  here  in  the  growing  of  grass,  as  the 
cotton  farms  in  the  bottoms  would  give  a  home  market  for  it 
at  a  good  price.  Potatoes  could  be  raised  with  profit.  Peaches 
grow  luxuriantly  and  rarely  fail.     Apples  do  well. 

'  Jl\\VF(tKl)    CUINTV 

Lies  on  the  north  side  of  the  Arkansas  river,  adjoining  the  In- 
dian Territory.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  northern  and 
western  portions,  rolling  in  the  eastern  portion.  The  uplands 
in  the  eastern  section  of  this  county  generally  are  level  and 
fertile,  rich  in  grasses,  vines,  grape  and  undergrowth.  The 
corn,  cotton,  cereals,  grasses,  clover  and  fruits  are  all  grown 
here  in  great  perfection  and  quantity  to  the  acre.  The  nortL- 
ern  portion  of  this  county  is  the  southern  slope  of  the  Boston 
mountains.  This  mountain  is  iamousforits  very  lich  benches, 
hill  slopes  and  tableland.  It  is  covered  with  a  bottom  growth 
of  timber,  such  as  ash,  >\alnnt,  })awpaw,  oak,  lich  under- 
growt*b,  vines  and  shrubs.  It  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  grape, 
tobacco  and  pasture,  the  numerous  6])rings  affording  plenty  of 
water.     It  produces  extraordinarily  of  all  the  grains,  co^n  arid 


9G  KESOUECES  OF  AKKANSAS. 


grasses.  The  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  raih^oad  will  pass 
through  this  county.  Minerals,  coal,  iron  and  lead.  Popula- 
tion, 8957.  Van  Buren,  the  county  seat,  is  an  important  com- 
mercial town  of  1200  inhabitants. 

ClUTTENDEN    C0U2n"TY 

Lies  opposite  Memphis,  on  the  Mississippi  river.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Mississippi,  south  by  Lee,  west  by  Cross  and 
St.  Francis  counties.  Population,  3881.  Surface  flat  and  low% 
except  that  portion  known  as  "  Crowley  ridge."  The  soil  is 
very  rich,  producing  cotton  and  corn  chiefly.  Many  small 
lakes  and  bayous  are  interspersed  through  the  county.  A  good 
system  of  drainage  and  levees  would  reclaim  a  large  body  of 
valuable  land  in  this  county.  Timber  growth — large  oak,  hick- 
ory and  hackberry.  Cane  abundunt.  The  Memphis  and  Lit- 
tle Pock  railroad  passes  through  the  county.  Marion,  the 
county  feat,  hrsa  populatiriu  of  oOO. 

CROSS    COliNT^' 

Lies  south  ot  Craiglieai.l,  west  <^f  Crittenden,  north 'of  St.  Fran- 
cis and  east  of  Woodrufl".  Surface  is  generally  level,  e.vceptin 
the  center,  wheie  ''Crowley's  ridge"  passes  through.  Soil 
productive.  Leading  crops,  cotton,  corn,  oats  and  sorghum. 
Fruit  in  abundance.  "  Crowley  ridge"'  is  noted  for  its  fine 
fruit  oichards.  Grasses  do  remarkably  well,  especially  timo- 
thy and  clover.  For  timber  we  find  several  varieties  of  oak, 
yellow  and  white  poplar,  ash,  sycamoie,  hackberry,  etc.  Un- 
dergrowth— hazel,  cane  and  grapevines.  Population,  891-5. 
Wittsburg,  a  village  of  225  souls,  is  the  county  seat. 

CLAYTON    COU.NTV 

Lies  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  state.  It  lias  the  state  of 
Missouri  for  its  northern  boundary;  on  the  south  is  Greene, 
and  on  the  west  lies  Pandolph  county.  This  county  was  cre- 
ated by  the  legislature  of  1873  from  portions  of  Greene  and 
Randolpih  counties.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  one  of  our 
present  United   States  senators,  IToii.    Powell  Cloy  ton.     The 


KE80URCES  OF  AKKA>'yAt:.  'j7 

surface  is  generally  roUini;-.  Cache  river  runs  through  the 
central  portion.  The  valleys  of  this  stream  are  rich  and  fer- 
tile, the  timber  most  excellent,  the  range  uneqnaled  and  the 
water  wholesome.  There  is  no  better  country  inviting  the 
immigrant.  Soil  is  good  for  cotton,  and  excellent  for  corn 
and  grain.  Fruits,  especially  peaches,  grow  well,  and  are 
abundant.  The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  passes  through  the 
central  poition  of  the  county- 

DALLAS    COUNTY 

Is  situated  between  the  Ouachita  and  Saline  rivers.  l'o['ula- 
tion,  5709.  Princeton  is  the  county  seat ;  population,  350. 
Surface  diversified,  consisting  of  bottoms,  uplands  and  liills. 
Soil  of  two  characters — the  upland,  covered  either  by  a  sandy 
alluvial  or  by  a  red  clay,  and  the  deep  alluvial  soil  of  the  bot- 
tom land.  The  fertility  of  the  upland  soil,  both  of  the  allu- 
vial and  of  the  clayed,  is  the  same.  Its  average  product  is 
about  eight  hundred  pounds  of  seed  cotton  or  twenty  bushels 
of  corn,  ten  to  fifteen  bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre.  The  growth 
of  timber  on  this  soil  is  birch,  pine,  white  and  black  oak,  and 
shell-bark  hickory.  The  bottom  lands  of  the  Ouachita  and 
Saline  rivers  are  covered  by  a  very  rich  and  luxuriant  vegeta- 
tion. The  trees,  especially  the  red  pine,  white  and  chesnut, 
oak,  pecan  and  sweet  gum,  become  here  of  enormous  size,  with 
an  undergrowth  of  briars,  grapevines  and  cane.  This  bottom 
land  produces  annually  1200  to  1500  pounds  of  seed  cotton,  or 
fifty  to  sixty  bushels  of  corn.  Of  course,  wheat  is  not  grown 
in  this  soil.  The  county  is  well  watered,  with  much  excellent 
water  power  and  openings  for  saw  and  grist-mills.  It  is  well 
adapted  to  grazing  and  fruit  growing,  and  to  the  immigrant 
is  desirable  to  locate  in  for  health  and  general  features, 

DESK A    COUNT V 

Lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Arkansas  river,  and  has  the  Missis- 

-   * 

sippi  for  its  eastern  border.  Population  in  1870,  6125.  ISTa- 
poleon,  the  county-seat,  has  a  population  of  250.  Surface  of 
the  county  level  for  the  most  part  and   subject  to  overflow 


KE60UKCES  OF  AKKA>;SAS. 


during  times  of  freshets,  except  where  the  waters  have  been, 
restrained  by  levees.  The  land  thus  reclaimed  has  become 
immensely  valuable,  and  in  its  improved  state  will  sell  for  ten 
dollars  per  acre.  Where  it  lies  in  large  bodies  suitable  for 
cultivation,  improved  and  not  too  far  from  navigation,  it  com- 
mands twenty-tive  dollars  per  acre.  It  is  estimated  that  there 
are  over  twenty -five  thousand  acres  of  cleared  lands,  with 
houses,  for  rent.  Cotton  is  the  leading  product,  yielding  on 
the  bottoms  from  ono-and-a-half  to  two  l)ales  to  the  acre. 

DREW    COUNTY 

Lies  north  of  Ashley  and  west  of  Chicot.  For  a  distance  of 
ten  or  fifteen  miles  west  of  the  Chicot  line  the  country  is  com- 
paratively level,  with  a  gradual  elevation  towards  the  center 
of  Drew  county,  when  it  swells  into  a  broken  mountain  ridge^ 
with  an  elevation  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  above  the  val- 
ley of  the  Mississippi.  This  ridge  runs  through  the  center 
of  the  county,  from  north  to  south,  and  abounds  with  numer- 
ous springs  of  pure  soft  water.  Monticello,  the  county-town, 
is  situated  on  this  ridge  within  forty  miles. of  the  Mississippi 
river,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Mississippi,  Ouachita  and  Red 
River  railroad,  which  is  nearly  completed  to  tliis  point.  Mon- 
ticello has  a  population  of  fifteen  hundred  or  two  thousand 
inhabitants,  and  is  rapidly  improving.  It  contains  a  sub- 
stantial brick'  court-house.  Westward  of  this  dividing 
ridge  to  the  Saline  river  the  country  is  less  elevated  and 
more  level,  and  covered  with  a  thick  growth  of  magnificent 
pine  timber.  There  are  quite  a  number  of  small  prairies  in 
this  count}'.  The  soil  of  this  upland  country  is  argillaceous, 
covered  with  a  thick  vegetable  mould.  That  of  the  bottom 
lands  is  partly  alluvial  and  is  very  productive.  The  principal 
productions  are  cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats,  potatoes  and 
tobacco.  Culinary  vegetables  of  almost  every  variety  and  of 
superior  quality  are  raised  in  abundance.  Various  kinds  of 
fruit — as  the  apple,  peach,  pear,  ^)lum,  nectarine,  fig,  pome- 
granate, etc. — are  very  abundant,  attain  a  large  groAvth  and 
are  finelv  flavoreJ. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  99 


DORSEY    COUNTY. 

Created  by  the  legislature  in  1873  from  portions  of  Lincoln, 
Jefferson  and  Dallas.  Surface  generally  level  with  occasional 
knolls  and  ridges.  Soil  in  the  river  and  creek  bottoms  is  rich 
and  productive.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product.  Corn  yields 
about  forty  or  fifty  bushels  per  acre  on  the  bottoms  and  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  on  the  uplands.  Sweet  potatoes,  peas  and 
beans  grow  well.  Peaches,  pears,  plums  and  grapes  are  plenty 
and  productive.  Principal  timber — ^oak,  ash,  elm,  hickory  and 
dogwood.  Muscadine  and  other  grape  vines  in  abundance. 
Brown  coal,  gypsum  and  marl  exist  in  this  county  and  will 
soon  be  valuable.  This  county  was  named  in  honor  of  one  of 
our  United  States  senators — Hon.  Stephen  W.  Dorsev. 

FKAXKLIN    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Johnson  and  Sarber,  west  by  Sebas- 
tian and  Crawford,  and  north  by  Crawford  and  Madison. 
Surface  of  the  country  is  broken  and,  in  parts,  rocky,  yet 
there  are  large  tracts  of  fair  upland;  the  lowlands  on  the 
small  streams  are  good  and  the  river  bottoms  are  fertile. 
Limestone  exists  in  quantity  in  the  hills  and  good  lime  has 
been  made.  A^ery  little  prairie  exists  in  this  county  north  of 
the  Arkansas.  On  the  south  side  is  a  great  deal  of  prairie, 
generallv  fertile,  and  in  and  on  the  boundary  of  Avhich  are 
many  fine  farms.  'Jlie  Avhole  region  is  underlaid  by  and 
betrays  coal.  "White-oak,  Mulberry — both  big  and  little — and 
Gar  creeks  and  other  minor  streams  run  through  this  county, 
and  will  furnish  abundant  Avater-power  for  mills.  Timber 
abundant.  The  valleys  of  these  streams  are  wide  and  rich, 
and  the  hill-slopes  finely  fitted  for  sheep-walks,  orchards, 
tobacco,  grain  and  the  grape.  The  river  bottoms  are  equally 
as  fertile  and  productive  as  those  of  Pope  and  Johnson,  and  as 
broad.  Chief  products,  cotton  and  corn.  A  spur  of  the  Bos- 
ton iQOuntains  extends  through  the  northern  portion  of  this 
county.  L^ndoubtcdly  lead  exists  in  tliis  mountain  in  quan- 
tity, as  perhaps  zinc  and  copper.     Coal  and  iron  exist  here  in 


loo  IIKSOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


abundance.  The  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  railroad  i:* 
being  built  tlirougli  the  county ;  this,  with  the  Arkansas 
river,  fiirnishe?;  transportation. 

FULiON    COUNT^' 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  b}'  the  state  of  Missouri,  east  by 
Sharp  county,  south  by  Izard,  and  west  by  Baxter  county. 
Surface  is  broken,  with  beautiful  valleys  and  ridges  and  clear, 
never-failing  springs  and  streanis.  Water-power  abundant. 
Timber — oak,  hickory,  walnut  and  pine,  with  an  undergrowth 
of  grapevines  and  hazel.  Soil  good — known  as  "■  mulatto  bar- 
rens " — yielding  large  crojis  of  corn,  wheat,  oats  and  hay. 
Fruit  produces  well,  This  county  is  well  suited  for  raising 
stock,  and  more  especially  for  sheep;  a  great  number  could  be 
profitably  kept  here.  Minerals — lead,  iron  and  copper.  The 
"  mammoth  spring  "  is  here.  The  St.  Louis,  Batesville  and 
Little  Rock  railroad  will  pass  through  this  county.  At  pres- 
ent lanrls  are  cheap  but  will  ajipreciate  in  value. 

I'AULIvNEi;    OOT'NTV 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  White,  south  by  Pulaski,  west  by 
Conway,  and  north  by  Van  Buren.  The  surface  is  broken — 
hills,  uplands  and  bottoms.  The  bottoms  are  similar  to  those 
of  Conw-ay  in  soil,  timber,  undergrowth  and  productions. 
The  eastern  portion  is  an  almost  unbroken  upland,  penetrated 
by  numerous  streamlets,  and  the  land  is  good  :  the  grass, 
vines,  shrubs  and  timber  are  excellent ;  the  county  is  or  easily 
can  be  well  watered  ;  no  better  region  for  stock-raising ;  small 
grain  also  a:rows  well.  The  nearness  of  this  county  to  the 
capital  makes  it  an  mviting  place  for  the  homo-seeker.  This 
is  a  new  county  created  by  the  legislature  of  1873,  from  por- 
tions of  White,  Pulaski  and  Conway,  and  named  after  the 
"Arkansas  Traveler,''  Col.  S.  C.  Faulkner.  Conway,  a  village 
on  the  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  railroad,  is  the  county- 
seat.  This  road  passes  through  the  southwestern  portion,  and 
the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  through  or  near  tlio  southeast- 
ern portion  of  the  county. 


KKSOURCES  OF  AKKA^'SAS.  -  101 


(illANT    COUNTY 


Is  bounded  by  Hot  Sjjriug  vn  tljo  west  and  .letterson  on  the 
east.  Population,  3943.  Sheridan  is  the  county  town.  The 
surface  varies  from  ])otton;S  to  hills.  It  is  well  watered  by 
line  springs  and  streams,  several  of  them  furnishing  valuable 
water  power.  The  bottom  lauds  are  of  excellent  quality,  and 
the  uplands  produce  fair  crops.  Much  of  the  hill  land  is  good, 
and  while  some  is  too  stony  or  rocky  for  cultivation,  it  is  good 
for  timber,  for  pasturage,  or  fruit-growing.  The  hilly  and 
roughest  lands  are  the  best  iVuit  and  grape  lands.  The  prin- 
cipal products  are  cotton  and  grain,  the  yield  being  from  one- 
half  to  one  bale  of  cotton,  or  thirty  to  forty  bushels  of  corn  to 
the  acre.  The  same  minerals  a.bounding  in  Hot  Spring  and 
Saline  counties  are  to  be  found  here,  the  geological  formation 
being  about  the  same. 

(il!KE-\K    Citr.NTV. 

The  population  of  (Jreene  county  in  1870  was  7573;  amount 
of  taxable  property,  equalized  in  1871,  $1,084,292.  The  prin- 
cipal products  are  cotton,  corn,  tobacco,  wheat  and  cats.  The 
soil  produces  from  one  thousand  to  two  thousand  pounds  of 
seed  cotton  per  acre.  Grass  grows  very  line;  also  timothy, 
red-top,  blue  and  Hungarian.  Fruit  grows  well.  Peaches, 
cherries,  apples  and  grapes — peaches  especially.  Dr.  Owen,  in 
his  geological  survey,  says  that  the  climate  and  soil  of  this 
county  are  naturally  adapted  to  the  growth  of  peaches,  oats 
and  potatoes.  Very  good  market  at  home  for  corn,  hay  and 
pork,  as  is  always  the  case  in  cotton-growing  countries.  Water 
very  line,  especially  on  the  west  side  of  Crowley  ridge,  where 
there  are  very  line  springs.  The  Sugar  creek  affords  water 
sufficient  for  almost  any  kind  of  machinery  at  all  seasons  of 
the  year. 

Timber  is  as  good  as  in  any  place  west  of  the  Mississippi 
river,  consisting  of  poplar,  gum,  black  and  white  walnut, 
hickory,  dogwood,  sugar  maple,  oak  of  many  kinds,  and 
cypress.  The  Cairo  and  Fulton  and  Memphis  and  St.  Louis 
railroads  pass  through  the  county. 


102  EESOURCES   OF    ARKANSAS. 

GARLAND    COUNTY, 

Created  by  the  leg'islature  of  1873  from  portions  of  Hot  Spring 
and  Montgomery  counties.  This  is  the  most  remarkable  county 
in  the  state,  and  probably  in  the  world.  Here  arc  the  famed 
Hot  Springs,  fitty-seven  in  number,  which  iittract  so  many  in- 
valids. Dr.  George  TV.  Lawrence,  in  his  report  on  the  clima- 
tology of  Arkansas,  etc.,  says:  "The  surface  of  this  county 
and  the  counties  adjacent  to  it  is  mostly  an  elevated  country, 
composed  of  undulations,  foothills  and  mountains.  Delightful 
sprino-s,  spring-streams  and  rivulets  abound  throughout  the 
area.  The  rich  alluvial  bottoms,  valleys  and  vales  margining 
these  streams  are  sparsely  inhabited.     The  settlers  are  chiefly 

engaged  in  husbandry Wa  are  unacquainted  with 

any  country  in  the  same  latitudinal  relations  that  has  more 
adv^antages  for  health.  All  the  attributes  that  we  regard  arc 
here  found  to  contribute  to  health  and  longevity.  No  part  of 
the  continent  within  the  same  climatic  realm  is  more  salubrious 
than  this  mountain  section  of  Arkansas.  The  spring  and 
autumn  months  are  generally  pleasant ;  tlie  summer  months 
are  not  exhausting  by  extremes  of  heat.  The  nights  through- 
out the  hot  months  are  cool  and  invigorating.  The  winters 
are  mostly  mild  and  short  in  duration."  Products  same  as 
adjoining  counties.  Timber  abundant.  Is  a  rich  mineral 
county.  Has  iron,  lead,  copper,  oilstone,  titantic  acid,  agate 
and  black  garnets.  A  choice  fruit  country.  Hot  Springs,  the 
county  seat,  has  a  population  of  1200  souls,  and  supports  two 
weekly  papers,  the  Courier  and  the  Times.  This  county  will 
soon  assume  a  spirit  of  animation  and  advancement  heretofore 
unknown,  and  the  probable  speedy  building  up  of  a  large  city 
at  Hot  Springs,  which  will  bo  the  Baden  Baden  of  America, 
vvill  attract  to  tJiis  place  thousands  of  invalids  from  all  parts 
of  the  world. 

HEMPSTEAD    COUNTr 

Is  bounded  on  the  south  by  Lafayette  and  west  by  Howard 
and  Little  River  counties.     Population,  13,768.     Washington, 


EESOUKCES   OF    ARKANSAS.  lu.: 


the  county  seat,  contains  a  pojiulation  of  1100.  Surface  of 
-the  county  beautiful  rolling  ridges  and  high  bottoms;  soil  of 
the  bottoms  black  alluvium,  of  great  richness,  producing  on 
an  average  a  bale  of  cotton  or  tifty  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre. 
The  uplands  will  yield  one  half  a  bale  of  cotton  or  thirty 
Ijushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  Cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats  and 
barley  are  the  chief  crops.  In  fruits  we  find  the  peach,  fig 
and  apricot  the  most  cultivated.  About  one  sixth  of  the  area 
is  prairie  land,  aflbrding  iiiic  range  for  horses  and  cattle.  Iron, 
copper  and.  lead  are  reported  to  exist  here.  The  Cairo  and 
Fulton  railroad  runs  nearly  through  the  center  of  the  county. 
Principal  growth  of  timber  oak,  liickory,  ash  and  pine. 

HOT    Sl'RTNft    COUNTY 

Is  the  next  southeast  from  Saline.  Population  in  1870,  5877. 
Rockport,  the  county  town,  has  a  population  of  400.  This 
town  is  situated  forty-three  miles  from  Little  Rock,  on  the 
■Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad,  and  distant  from  the  Hot  Springs 
twenty-two  miles.  At  this  point  visitors  to  the  Springs  leave 
'the  railroad  and  proceed  by  stage.  In  this  count}'  are  some 
fertile  bottoms,  well  adapted  to  cotton  and  grain  crops.  The 
uplands  and  hills  are  well  adapted  to  stock:- raising.  The  tim- 
ber growth  is  mostly  oak,  hickory,  walnut  and  dogwood.  The 
principal  crops  are  cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats,  rye  and  potatoes. 
Various  kinds  of  fruit  are  raised  in  abundance.  Tiie  Cairo  and 
Fulton  railroad  rnns  veiy  nearly  through  the  center  of  the 
county. 

HOWARD    COUNTY 

Was  formed  from  portions  of  Polk,  Pike,  Sevier  and  Hemp- 
stead counties  by  the  legislature  of  1873.  Surface  irregular — 
high  hills,  deep  valleys,  river  and  creek  bottoms.  The  valleys 
and  bottoms  are  fertile,  producing  cotton  and  corn  in  abund- 
xmce ;  grain  and  fruit  succeed  best  on  the  hills  and  slopes. 
Water  abundant,  and  some  good  water  power  on  the  creeks. 
Timber  growth  same  as  the  adjoining  counties.  Minerals — 
lead,  silver  and   marl.     Land  very  cheap,  ranging  from  one 


104  RE60UKCES  OF  AlilvANSAS. 


dollar  to  ten  dollars  per  acre.  Churches  and  schools  abound 
in  every  township.  Tlie  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  passes 
through  Hempstead  near  the  eastern  border  of  this  county. 
Center  Point,  a  viMage  ot"  250  inhabitants,  is  the  county'-  seat. 

INDEPENDENCE    COUNTY. 

Mr.  IIenky — I)ear  Sir :  Through  the  means  of  your  valu- 
able book  I  avail  myselt  of  your  kind  olier  to  give  a  brief  state- 
ment showing  sonietliing  of  tlie  resources  of  our  county,  and 
the  inducements  it  holds  out  to  parties  wisliing  new  homes. 

Minerals. — Tlie  mineral  deposits  are  somewhat  remarkable, 
and  have  attracted,  years  since,  considerable  attention,  on  ac 
count  of  their  variety  and  value.  With  the  application  of  the 
necessary  scientific  knowledge,  capital  for  their  development, 
and  railroad  lacilities,  we  look  forward  to  the  time  when  they 
will  become  no  inconsiderable  source  of  revenue  to  our  people. 
Sandstone,  limestone,  freestone,  and  white,  black  and  varie- 
gated marble  are  all  found  here. 

Area  and  Population. — In  area  and  population,  Independ- 
ence ranks  among  the  first  of  north  Arkansas.     It  has  an  area 

of  about square  miles,  and  a  population  of  some  15,000 

or  more.  The  general  surface  is  throughout  hilly,  and  inter- 
spersed with  numerous  clear  running  streams,  with  Black  river 
in  its  east,  and  White  river  running  through  the  county  from 
northwest  to  southeast. 

Products. — The  rich  bottom  land  yields  large  crops  of  cot- 
ton and  corn.  The  uplands  grow^  cotton  also  to  a  limited  ex- 
tent, but  are  more  especially  adapted  to  the  raising  of  wheat, 
corn,  oats,  potatoes,  tobacco,  and  such  vegetables  as  are  grown 
in  a  temperate  climate.-  Of  this  latter  class,  however,  we  may 
make  particular  mention  of  the  sweet  potato. 

Fruits. — All  the  fruits  that  thrive  throughout  the  southern 
states,  and  many  kinds  that  are  adapted  to  the  middle  states, 
do  well  here.  Certain  kinds  of  apples,  pears,  plums,  peaches, 
cherries  and  grapes,  also  blackberries,  raspberries  and  straw- 
berries, grow  in  profusion. 

Stock  Raising. — In  portions  of  the  county,  canebrakes  fur- 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  105- 

nish,  during  almost  the  entire  year,  good  pasturage  for  cattle, 
horses  and  sheep.  The  uplands  grow  wild  grass  somewhat  to 
a  limited  extent,  but  tame  grasses  grow  well  and  should  receive 
more  attention.     Mast  is  generally  abundant. 

Water  Power. — This  county  aftordsample  water  power,  and, 
together  with  other  counties  of  north  and  northwest  Arkansas^ 
is  quite  noted  in  this  respect.  Quite  a  number  of  saw  and  flour 
mills  are  already  established  ;  also,  two  cotton  and  woolen  mills. 
New  mills  are  being  constantly  put  up. 

Timber. — A  great  variety  of  timber  abounds,  the  principali 
varieties  being  oak,  ash,  hickory,  pecan,  maple,  walnut,  elm, 
hackberry,  cottonwood,  sycamore,  gum,  cedar  and  pine. 

Educational. — The  Presbyterial  high  school,  just  finished^ 
affords  fine  educational  facilities  for  the  youth  of  city.  It  is 
under  the  direction  of  Rev.  Isaac  J.  Sorg,  with  competent 
assistants.  This  is  the  basis  for  a  college  which  will  ulti- 
mately prove  an  ornament  to  this  section  of  the  state. 

Railroads. — The  iN'orth  Central  has  a  charter  and,  com- 
mencing at  Jacksonport,  in  Jackson  county,  wdll  pass  north- 
west and  west  through  the  counties  of  Independence,  Izard,. 
Baxter,  Boone,  Marion,  Carroll,  Madison,  and  to  Fayetteville, 
Washington  county. 

The  "forfeited  "  lands  in  these  and  three  additional  coun- 
ties are,  by  a  late  act  of  the  legislature,  donated  to  this  road. 
It  is  confidently  expected  that  this  aid,  with  that  of  subscrip- 
tions by  counties  along  the  route,  will  go  very  far  towa.rd; 
raising  the  necessary  means  to  insure  the  building  of  the 
road  within  a  reasonable  time'.  This  is  a  new  enterprise,  and 
wdth  the  iN'ew  Orleans,  Little  Rock  and  St.  Louis  road — also 
granted  similar  aid — will  give  us  an  outlet  that  must  event- 
ually bring  ITorth.  Arkansas  \vithin  the  line  of  a  pow^erfui 
immigration,  and  render  this  whole  section  of  country  of 
more  than  ordinary  attraction. 

The  ofiice  of  the  North  Central  road — for  the  present — will 
be  located  at  Batesville.  At  a  late  meeting  of  the  directory. 
Judge  M.  L.  Stevenson  was  elected  president,  Isaac  Saflarans 
vice-president,  and  R.  W.  McChesney  secretary. 

R.  W.  McCHESNEY. 


106  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

IZARD   COUNTY 

Joins  Independence  on  the  nortliwest,  south  of  Fulton,  and 
east  of  Marion  and  Stone.  Surface  is  broken — high  hills, 
deep  valleys  and  river  bottoms  ;  soil  produces  cotton,  corn, 
small  grain  and  fruit.  The  county  is  well  watered,  aflbrding 
valuable  water-power.  The  valleys  and  bottoms  support  a 
growth  of  large  timber — ash,  sugar-tree,  elm,  hickory,  white- 
oak  and  gum.  Stock  do  well — especially  sheep,  which  thrive 
remarkably,  keeping  healthy  and  fat  the  entire  year.  Min- 
erals— lead,  nitre  earth,  buhr  stone,  equal  in  quality  to  French 
buhr,  and  magnesian  limestone.  White  river  runs  along  the 
southern  border.  A  railroad  is  surveyed  through  the  north- 
ern portion — the  I^orth  Arkansas  Central — which  it  is  hoped 
will  soon  be  built.  Population  in  1870,  6806.  The  county- 
seat  is  Mount  Olive,  on  White  river.  At  LaCrosse,  in  the 
northern  portion,  is  a  high  school  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

JACKvSON    COUNTY 

Is  situated  on  White  and  Black  rivers.  The  land  is  level  and 
of  rich  and  alluvial  character.  Cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay 
and  tobacco  grow  and  do  well ;  fruits  of  all  kinds  do  well, 
especially  apples  and  peaches  ;  vegetables  of  all  kinds  grow  to 
advantage  and  yield  abundantly.  The  population  of  Jackson 
is  about  ten  thousand  ;  taxable  property  is  about  two  millions 
dollars.  The  average  of  cotton — which  "is  the  principal  pro- 
duction— is  about  three-fourths  of  a  bale  to  the  acre :  corn 
averages  about  forty  bushels  per  acre :  grass  can  be  raised 
profitably  ;  the  supply  of  corn  and  srass  gro\vn  in  this  county 
is  never  sufficient  for  home  consumption  :  corn  sells  from  fifty 
cents  to  one  dollar  and  ten  cents  per  bushel  readily. 

The  health  of  this  county  is  considered  good — with  the 
exception  of  chills  and  fever,  which  prevail  generally  in  the 
fall  of  the  year.  There  are  but  few  springs  in  this  county, 
and  wells  are  mostly  used  for  drinking  water:  lakes  of  clear 
and  pure  water  are  numerous,  abounding  in  the  finest  of  all 
kinds  of  fish,  and  in  the  winter  season  are  covered  with  wild- 


EESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  101 


fowl,  affording  the  sportsman  rare  sport.  Timber  abounds  in 
all  portions  of  the  county — such  as  ash,  oak,  hickory,  walnut, 
elm,  gum,  hackberry  and  cypref^s — the  market  for  which  h 
excellent  and  still  improving. 

The  greatest  need  of  this  and  adjoining  counties  is  labor 
iind  capital,  and  a  rich  yield  awaits  the  investment  of  either. 
There  are  plenty  of  vacant  lands,  with  houses,  to  rent  on  rea- 
sonable terms,  and  a  man  with  a  small  capital  can  do  well. 
Stock-raising  is  one  of  the  most  profitable  businesses  a  man  of 
-capital  could  engage  in  ;  the  range  of  cane  is  abundant  and 
affords  an  annual  pasturage  for  horses  and  cattle,  which  keep 
fat  the  year  round  without  being  fed. 

The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  runs  directly  through  Jack- 
son county,  and  two  other  roads  are  projected  and  will  soon 
be  built.  White  and  Black  rivers  are  navigable  for  small 
boats  the  year  round,  and  thousands  of  bales  of  cotton  are 
annually  shipped  out  of  these  rivers. 

Jacksonport,  the  county-seat  of  Jackson  county,  contains  a 
population  of  about  eleven  hundred  inhabitants,  and  is  sit- 
uated on  White  river  at  the  continence  of  White  and  Black. 
It  is  a  prosperous  and  growing  town  an^i  ships  annually  about 
twelve  thousand  bales  of  cotton.  There  are  in  this  town 
.about  twenty-five  business  houses,  all   apparently'  doing  well. 

J  KFF  K nso N    CO  U NT Y 

Lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Arkansas  river,  south  of  Pulaski  and 
Lonoke  counties.  Surface  generally  very  level.  The  wide 
bottoms  of  the  Arkansas  river  furnish  a  very  rich  soil,  pro- 
ducing from  one  to  two  bales  of  cotton  or  forty  to  sixty  bushels 
of  corn  per  acre.  The  soils  of  this  county  are  extraordinarily 
rich  in  the  elements  of  vegetable  food.  One  of  the  very  best 
cotton  counties  in  the  state.  Very  little  attention  has  been 
paid  to  the  raising  of  small  grain.  Eed  clover  produces  well ; 
has  yielded  successive  crops  of  three  tons  per  acre.  Timber 
growth,  black  elm,  ash,  oak,  gum,  walnut  and  cypress.  Yery 
well  watered.  Extensive  canebrakes  exist  along  the  river,  and 
<luring   the   winter   furnish  stock   with  excellent  pasturage. 


108  EESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

The  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  and  New  Orleans  railroad  is  com- 
pleted to  Pine  Bluff  from  Chicot,  on  the  Mississippi,  and  a 
branch  of  the  Arkansas  Central  is  being  constructed  through 
the  county.  Other  railroads  are  projected.  Poi:)ulation,  15,733. 
Pine  Bluff  is  the  county  seat,  a  flourishing  town  of  some  3500 
inhabitants,  and  rapidly  growing.  It  has  many  large,  sub- 
stantial brick  stores  and  warehouses,  and  is  an  important  ship- 
ping point. 

JOHNSON    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Pope,  north  by  Newton  and  Madi- 
son, west  by  Franklin,  south  by  the  Arkansas  river.  Surface 
irregular  hills,  uplands,  and  bottoms  on  the  Arkansas  river 
and  its  tributaries  in  this  county.  Soil  good,  productive  in 
cotton,  corn,  the  cereals,  grasses,  tobacco  and  fruits.  No  bet- 
ter range  anywhere,  and  suitable  for  great  herds  of  cattle. 
Sheep  will  also  thrive  upon  it  the  year  round.  But  few  coun- 
ties are  so  well  watered  as  Johnson.  The  Horsehead,  Piney, 
Spadra  and  other  streams  of  living  water  furnish  excellent 
water-power.  This  county  is  filling  up  rapidly  with  an  enter- 
prising population.  The  state  geologist  says;  "The  greater 
portion  of  Johnson  county  is  underlaid  by  two  beds  of  semi- 
bituminous  coal.  The  upper  bed  is  from  ten  to  eighteen  inches 
thick.  The  lower  bed  is  from  three  to  four  feet  thick.  In  this 
county  pits  have  been  dug  in  many  places,  and  at  various 
depths,  and  in  some  places  considerable  quantities  of  coal  have 
been  taken  out  and  used  in  the  blacksmith  shoj^s  of  the  county ; 
also,  at  Clarksville."  There  is  very  little  prairie  in  this  county, 
but  on  them  the  grass  is  good,  and  the  stock  of  the  county 
find  there  good  summer  pasturage.  Timber  abundant.  Pop- 
ulation, 9152.  Clarksville,  the  county  seat,  is  located  in  a  fer- 
tile valley  near  Spadra  creek,  and  four  miles  from  the  Arkan- 
sas river.  It  controls  the  trade  of  that  section  of  the  country, 
and  is  improving  very  fast.  It  contains  1000  inhabitants,  nine 
stores,  two  churches,  one  steam  grist-mill  and  planing-machine, 
one  academy  and  a  masonic  hall.  The  Little  Rock  and  Fort 
Smith  railroad  is  completed  to  Clarksville,  one  hundred  miles 
distant  from  Little  Rock. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  109 

LAFAYETTE    COUNTY 

Is  the  southwest  comer  county.  Surface  mostly  level.  In  the 
northeast  portion  is  a  slight  ridge-like  elevation,  with  a  grav- 
elly soil.  The  soil  of  the  Red  river  bottoms  is  as  fertile  as  any 
in  the  state.  In  this  county  the  valleys  average  in  width  from 
ten  to  twenty  miles,  afibrding  a  large  body  of  the  very  best 
cotton  and  corn  lands.  A  bale  or  more  of  cotton,  and  from 
forty  to  eighty  bushels  of  corn  per  acre  gladden  the  heart  of 
the  husbandman.  A  considerable  body  of  prairie  land  is 
found  here.  On  the  ridge  land  small  grain  and  fruits  are 
grown  in  abundance.  Timber  growth,  gum,  walnut,  cane  and 
large  grapevines.  Minerals  undeveloped.  The  Cairo  and  Ful- 
ton railroad  passes  through  the  northwestern  portion,  and  the 
Mississippi,  Oachita  and  Red  River  railroad  will  pass  from 
east  to  west  through  the  northern  part  of  this  county.  Popu- 
lation, 9130.  Levvisville,  the  county  seat,  has  a  population  of 
500  inhabitants. 

LAWRENCE    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Randolph,  on  the  east  by  Greene 
and  Craighead,  on  the  south  by  Independence  and  west  by 
Sharp  county.  This  county  is  divided  near  the  center  by 
Black  river.  Surface  west  of  Black  river  is  high  and  rolling, 
with  fine  streams  running  all  through  it,  and  possesses  many 
fine  water  powers.  Timber  abundant.  Elm,  walnut,  gum,  ash, 
oak  and  hickory  are  the  principal  varieties.  This  soil  pro- 
duces well,  particularly  oats,  corn,  wheat  and  rye.  Wool  and 
honey  abundant.  The  eastern  portion  of  the  county  is  a  fine 
bottom  country,  with  no  hills  or  high  lands.  A  good  cotton 
and  corn  coun:ry.  Good  for  stock,  as  they  can  live  and  thrive 
the  jear  round  with  little  or  no  feed.  One  bgje  of  cotton  or 
fifty  to  seventy-five  bushels  of  corn  is  about  the  average  yield 
on  this  alluvial  soil  of  a  good  season.  Lead,  iron  and  zinc  are 
abundant  here,  and  oflfer  a  favorable  field  for  capitalists  to  em- 
bark in  mining  enterprises.  The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad 
passes  through  the  eastern 'half  of  this  county.  The  county 
town,  Powhatan,  is  situated  on  Black  river,  adjacent  to  the 
zinc  mines.     It  contains  a  population  of  400  souls. 


110  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

LITTLE    RIVER    COUNTY 

Lies  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  state,  west  of  Hempstead,, 
south  of  Sevier,  north  of  Texas  and  east  of  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory. Surface  gently  rolling.  One-tenth  prairie.  The  soil 
of  the  southern  portion — the  Red  river  valley — is  generally  of 
a  red  color,  very  fertile.  A  bale  of  cotton  or  fifty  bushels  of 
corn  is  about  the  average  yield  per  acre.  Near  the  center  of 
the  county  is  a  slight  ridge-like  elevation,  that  sustains  a  tim- 
ber growth  of  pine,  oak  and  hickory.  This  soil  is  well  suited 
for  grain  and  fruit.  Minerals  and  limestone  in  abundance.. 
The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  will  pass  near  the  eastern  bor- 
der. Population,  3246.  Eocky  Comfort,  the  county  town,, 
has  a  population  of  200  inhabitants. 

LONOKE    COUNTY. 

This  is  one  of  the  new  counties,  formed  out  of  portions  of 
I'ulaski  and  Prairie.     The  town  of  Lonoke,  twenty-five  miles 
from  the  capital,  on  the  Memphis  road,  is  the  county  seat. 
The  Lonoke  Democrat  of  a  recent  date  publishes  a  map  of  the 
new  county,  and  gives  the  following  description  of  it: 

"The  town  of  Lonoke  is  situated  in  the  geographical  center, 
thereby  giving  no  portion  of  our  people  any  just  cause  of  com- 
plaint why  we  should  not  have  been  designated  as  the  future 
seat  of  justice  of  the  county.  The  most  distant  part  of  the 
county,  on  an  air  line,  does  not  exceed  twenty-five  miles. 
Directly  south  it  is  twenty-one  miles  to  our  southern  bound- 
ary. "We  now  have  two  railroads  running  through  our  county — 
the  Cairo  and  Fulton  on  our  northwest  corner  and  the  Mem- 
phis and  Little  Rock  through  the  center.  The  Central  railroad' 
has  some  five  or  six  hundred  hands  at  work  in  the  southenv 
portion,  and  will  have  that  road  in  running  order  some  time 
during  the  summer.  It  is  also  proposed  to  build  a  road  from 
I'ine  Bluft"  to  connect  with  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  at  or  near 
AVard's  station.  8o  it  will  be  seen  that  our  •county  has  a 
bright  future  before  it,  which  wnll  make  it,  in  a  few  years, 
second  to  no  county  in  the  state  in  point  of  wealth  and  popu- 
lation. 


RESOURCES   OF   ARKANSAS.  Ill 

"■We  have  now  within  our  limits  some  two  thousand  voters, 
and  plenty  of  room  for  more.  Lands  at  present  are  quite 
cheap,  and  large  numbers  of  immigrants  are  coming  in  and 
settling  among  us  with  their  families  and  procuring  homes  for 
their  little  ones,  and  we  welcome  them  most  heartily,  and  bid 
others  come  and  do  likewise.  We  have  within  our  borders 
lands  of  the  finest  description — bottom,  hill  and  prairie — so 
that  none  who  desire  to  till  the  soil  need  go  awaj'  dissatisfied. 
If  they  want  the  rich  alluvial  deposits  of  centuries,  we  have 
it  in  Rich  woods  and  Gumwoods,  Avhere  a  bale  of  cotton,  or 
seventy  bushels  of  corn,  can  be  raised  to  the  acre  every  year, 
and  other  crops  in  proportion.  The  caterpillar  has  never  been 
seen  in  that  section  of  our  county,  and  it  is  not  subject  to 
overflow.  We  have  beautiful,  undulating  prairies  that  would 
make  the  heart  of  an  old  Illinois  prairie  farmer  dance  with 
delight ;  sand  hills  and  valleys  that  would  lead  captive  the 
veriest  old  'Tar  Heel'  that/ever  'chawed'  resin  in  the  good 
Old  Xorth  state — and  these  lands  all  grow  good  crops  of  all. 
kinds.  We  say  to  those  looking  for  homes.  Come  and  see  for 
yourselves." 

LINCOLN   COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  Jeflerson  and  the  Arkansas  river,"west  of  Desha, 
north  of  Drew,  east  of  Dorsey  and  Jeflerson.  Surface  mod- 
erately rolling.  Soil  a  rich  sandy  loam,  productive  in  cotton 
and  corn.  Timber  growth  elm,  ash,  hickory,  cottonwood  and 
gum.  Population  unknown ;  organized  since  the  census  wa& 
taken.  Star  City,  the  county  seat,  is  a  small  village.  Lands 
are  worth  from  five  to  twenty-five  dollars  per  acre,  depending 
upon  location,  etc.  The  real  estate  in  1872  foots  up  $1,895,160. 
The  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff'  and  New^  Orleans  railroad  passes 
through  this  county.  Bayou  Bartholomew  runs  through  the 
central  portion.     This  is  a  good  cotton  and  corn  region. 


LEE    COUNTY 


Created  by  the  legislature  in  1873  fcom  portions  of  Phillips.^ 
Monroe,  St.  Francis  and  Crittenden  counties.  Surface  gener- 
ally level.     Soil  extraordinarily  rich,  but  some  portions  need 


112  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

drainage  and  a  good  system  of  levees.     La  Anguille  and  St. 

Francis  rivers  run  through  this  county,  and  the  Mississippi 

river  borders  the  eastern  portion.     Some  very  fine  plantations 

are  situated  here.     Cotton  and  corn  are  the  principal  products. 

It  is  well  watered,  timber  abundant,  and  land  cheap.     For 

those  desiring  choice  cotton  and  corn  land  this  county  will  fill 

the  bill.     The  Memphis  and  Little  Rock  railroad  runs  near 

the  northern  border,  the  Arkansas  Central  near  the  southern. 

The  Mississippi  river  furnishes  transportation  on  the  eastern 

border.     Marianna,  a  town  of  five  hundred  inhabitants,  is  the 

•  .... 

-county  seat.     The  usual  appliances  of  civilization  are  to  be 

found  in  this  county. 

MADISON   COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Carroll  and  Newton,  north  by  Car- 
roll, south  by  Johnson,  Franklin  and  Crawford,  west  by 
Washington  and  Benton.  The  surface  is  very  broken  and 
irregular,  with  mountains  and  valleys,  level  land  in  the  bot- 
toms, and  occasional  table  lands  and  spots  of  prairie.  A  con- 
siderable diversity  of  soil  is  to  be  found  here,  corresponding 
to  the  surface.  The  soil  of  the  bottoms  is  rich  and  productive. 
The  soil  of  the  table  lands  is  fair,  yielding  from  ten  to  fifteen 
bushels  of  wheat  per  acre.  It  aftbrds  good  pasturage,  espe- 
cially for  sheep.  All  these  northwestern  counties  are  fine  for 
sheep.  Fruit  of  several  varieties  grows  well,  such  as  apples, 
peaches,  pears,  plums,  grapes  and  the  berries.  The  products 
are  cotton,  corn,  small  grains,  potatoes  and  the  grasses.  Soil 
well  suited  for  tobacco.  Numerous  creeks  and  streamlets 
abound,  some  of  which  furnish  valuable  water  power.  Clear, 
■cold  springs  gush  from  the  hillsides  and  along  the  creek 
valleys.  Timber  abundant,  such  as  oak,  hickory,  walnut 
pawpaw  and  pine.  One  of  the  rich  mineral  counties  of  the 
■state;  coal,  iron,  lead,  zinc  and  copper  are  known  to  exist 
here.  For  want  of  transportation  the  mineral  wealth  is  unde- 
veloped. All  the  northwestern,  as  well  as  the  southwestern, 
counties  are  badly  in  need  of  transportation,  having  neither 
railroads  nor   navigable   rivers.      Population   in  1870,  7937. 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  113 

Huiitsville,  the  county  seat,  has  some  two  hundred  and  fifty 
inhabitants. 

MARION   COUNTY 

Joins  tlie  state  of  Missouri  on  the  south,  Boone  county  on  the 
east,  Searcy  on  the  north,  and  Baxter  on  the  west.  Surface 
is  broken  ;  hills,  table  land  and  valleys  are  the  characteristics. 
The  soil  of  the  White  river  bottorii  in  the  northern  portion  is 
very  fertile,  producing  a  bale  of  cotton  or  forty  to  fifty  bushels 
of  corn  to  the  acre.  Some  fine  farms  lie  along  its  banks.  iThe 
upland  is  considered  a  good  s^il  for  grains  and  fruit,  and  with 
proper  cultivation  will  yield  large  crops.  It  is  said  to  be  a^ 
good  stock  county,  as  the  surface  is  clothed  with  a  luxuriant 
vegetation.  The  minerals  are  lead,  zinc,  iron,  buhrstone  and 
marble.  Lead  and  zinc  ores  are  abundant,  but  worked  very 
little  at  present ;  only  one  smelting  furnace  in  operation. 
Valuable  timber  abundant,  such  as  pine,  walnut  and  oak.  Six 
water-power  and  three  steam  saw-mills  are  kept  constantly 
sawing  lumber.  Water  power  good,  and  flouring  mills  needed. 
The  North  Arkansas  Central  railroad  will  pass  through  this 
county.  Population,  39Y9.  Yellville,  a  flourishing  little  town 
of  300  inhabitants,  is  the  county  seat.  It  is  situated  in  a 
fertile  valley,  and  is  a  good  trading  point. . 

MONROE    COUNTY 

Adjoins  Phillips,  Lee  and  St.  Francis  on  the  west-  Surface 
generally  level.  Soil  very  rich;  good  cotton  and  corn  county; 
the  higher  lands  produce  small  grain,  fruit  and  vegetables. 
Horses,  mules  and  cattle  thrive  and  grow  fat  on  the  luxuriant 
pasturage  of  this  county.  Principal  timber — gum,  dogwood, 
elm,  hickory  and  oak.  White  river  borders  the  entire  south- 
ern and  western  parts,  and  is  navigable  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year;  the  Memphis  and  Little  Rock  railroad  passes  through 
the  northern  portion,  and  the  Arkansas  Central  railroad 
through  the  central  portion,  thus  furnishing  to  every  part  of 
the  county  transportation.  Lands  are  yet  very  cheap,  ranging 
from  four  to  fifteen  dollars  per  acre.     A  number  of  good  farms 


114  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

are  liere  for  rent.  Population,  833(3.  Clarendon,  a  thriving 
town  on  Wliite  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

.MONTGOMERY    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Yell,  east  by  Saline  and  Garland, 
south  by  Pike,  west  by  Scott  and  Polk.  The  surface  is  mostly 
an  elevated  country,  composed  of  undulations,  foot-hills  and 
mountains.  Delightful  springs,  spring  streams  and  rivulets 
abound  throughout  the  area.  The  headwaters  of  the  beautiful 
Ouachita  and  Saline  rivers  arise  here.  The  rich  alluvial  bot- 
toms, valleys  and  vales  margining  the  tributaries  of  these 
streams  are  sparsely  inhabited.  The  settlers  are  chiefly  en- 
gaged in  husbandry.  The  "Crystal  mountain"  is  in  this 
county.  Well  timbered.  Minerals  not  developed.  There  are 
several  mineral  springs,  one  or  two  of  note. 

MISSISSIPPI    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  State  of  Missouri,  east  bj'  the 
Mississippi  river,  south  by  Crittenden,  west  by  Poinsett  and 
Craighead  counties.  Surface  level.  This  county  is  situated 
exclusively  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  This  valley  has 
an  average  width  here  of  tw^enty-tive  to  thirty  miles,  and  is 
intersected  with  numerous  lakes,  sloughs  and  bayous.  The 
higher  lauds  are  the  banks  of  the  river  and  of  the  larger  bayous. 
A  properly  constructed  levee  would  reclaim  a  large  tract  of 
surface  that  would  prove  immensely  valuable.  The  soil  is  as 
rich  as  any  in  the  state.  The  principal  productions  are  cotton, 
corn  and  potatoes.  Vegetables  of  almost  every  variety  and  of 
superior  quality  are  raised  in  abundance.  Various  kinds  of 
fruit  grou'  finely.  Timber — ash,  gum,  hackberry,  oak  and 
cypress. 

NEVADA    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  Clark,  east  of  Hempstead,  north  of  Columbia, 
west  of  Ouachita,  Surface  rolling.  Soil  is  e:^cellent.  Pro- 
ducts are  cotton,  corn,  and  grain  of  various  kinds.  Well  wa- 
tered and  timber  abundant.  There  are  some  fine  plantations 
in  this  county,  and  room  for  hundreds  more.     Immigrants  are 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  115 

one  of  its  chief  wants.  The  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  piisses 
through  the  northwest  part,  and  the  Mississippi,  Ouachita  and 
Red  River  railroad  is  surveyed  through  the  southern  })art  of 
the  county.  Choice  farming  lauds  can  he  bought  very  low  in 
this  county  at  present,  which  is  destined  in  a  short  time  to 
become  valuable.  It  is  a  new  county,  hence  population  not 
known.     Rosston,  a  small  village  is  the  county  seat. 

NEWTON    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Carroll  and  Boone,  east  by  Searcy, 
south  by  Pope  and  Johnson,  and  west  by  ^ladison.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  mountainous  counties  in  the  state,  and  affords 
many  fine  streams  of  water;  those  streams  are  voluminous 
enough  to  propel  all  the  machinery  needed  in  the  county. 
The  valleys  along  these  streams  are  very  productive,  yielding 
various  kinds  of  cereals — wheat,  oats,  rye  and  corn.  Fruit 
and  stock-growing  will  become  an  imjDortant  item  to  the  farm- 
ers here — soil  and  climate  well  suited.  There  are  several  noted 
lead  mines  in  this  county.  Numerous  niter  caves  exist  in  this 
county,  which  during  the  late  war  yielded  large  quantities  of 
saltpeter.  There  is  marble  rock  of  various  kinds  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Jasper,  the  county  seat.  The  town  has  about  225  inhab- 
itants. Principal  growth  of  timber — oak,  pine,  hickory  and 
ash.  Improved  lands  average  in  value  ten  dollars  per  acre  ^ 
unimproved,  about  four  dollars. 

OUACHITA    COCNTY 

Lies  west  of  Calhoun,  south  of  Clark  and  Dallas,  and  east  of 
Nevada.  Population,  12,975.  vSurface  undulating,  with  fer- 
tile bottom.  Soil  rich,  and  productive  in  cotton  and  corn ;  a 
bale  of  cotton  or  40  to  70  bushels  of  corn  is  the  usual  yield 
per  acre.  Vegetables  and  fruits  are  grown  in  abundance. 
Here  are  lignite  coal  beds  of  excellent  fjuality  and  good  thick- 
ness, which  have  been  mined  with  profit.  Timber  growth 
principally  walnut,  beech,  pine,  oak,  hickory,  ash  and  dogwood. 
The  Ouachita  river  runs  ■  tlirough  this  county,  aftbrding  navi- 
gation a  part  of  the  year.     Camden,  the  county  se.it,  is  situ- 


IIG  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

ated  oil  the  Ouachita  river,  ninety-two  miles  from  Little  Kock. 
It  is  an  important  commercial  town  of  some  2500  inhabitants. 
Its  future  is  very  promising,  and  it  will  rapidly  increase  in 
population  and  wealth.  Three  railroads  are  projected  through 
this  county,  all  passing  via  Cam^len — the  Mississippi,  Ouachita 
and  Red  River,  ISTew  Orleans,  Little  Rock  and  St.  Louis,  and 
the  Ouachita  Valley  railroads.  Camden  is  surrounded  by  one 
of  the  best  cotton-growing  sections  of  the  state.  The  United 
States  lund  office  for  the  Ouachita  district  is  located  here. 

PERRY    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  the  Arkansas  river,  east  of  Yell,  west  of  Pulaski, 
north  of  Saline.  About  one  third  of  the  surface  is  bottom, 
one-third  table  land,  moderately  rolling,  and  the  balance  hilly 
and  rough,  covered  with  the  very  best  of  pine  timber.  The 
Fourche  LeFave,  a  clear,  bold  stream,  is  only  inferior  in  length 
to  the  Petit  Jean.  Its  valley  is  one  of  the  richest  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Arkansas  river.  It  is  locked  in  by  hills,  but  its 
lowlands  are  broad  and  high,  and  as  productive  as  any  valley 
in  the  region.  It  is  exceedingly  well  watered  in  both  upland 
and  bottoms  by  s>rings.  An  almost  unbroken  pinery  stretches 
along  this  stream  to  the  hills.  This  stream  affords  numbers 
of  eligible  lumber  and  grist-mill  sites.  Coal  is  found  on  it  in 
different  localities,  and  the  Fourche  Le  Fave  may  be  said  to 
flow  on  the  southern  confines  of  the  great  coal  fields.  Lead 
is  found  in  its  rock,  while  iron,  as  usual,  prevails  everywhere. 
All  the  productions  usual  to  the  valley  grow  here  in  great 
quantity  and  perfection.  In  addition  to  pine  timber,  we  find 
here  walnut,  ash,  hickory  and  cottonwood,  and  a  demand  for 
more  mills,  there  being  only  three  saw  and  grist  mills  in  the 
county. 

PIIILLIFS    COUxVTY 

Lies  south  of  Lee,  east  of  Monroe  and  Arkansas,  west  of  the 
Mississippi  river.  Surface  nearly  level,  except  that  portion 
occupied  by  "  Crowley's  ridge."  In  an  agricultural  point  of 
view,  this  county  ranks  equal  to  any  in  the  state.  The  allu- 
vial bottoms  produce  a  bale  of  cotton,  or  fifty  to  sixty  bushels 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  117 

of  corn  to  the  acre  ;  on  "  Crowley's  Ridge,"  thirty  to  forty 
bushels  of  corn  or  three-quarters  of  a  ])ale  of  cotton  per  acre. 
For  grass,  small  grain  or  fruit  the  soil  of  the  ridge  is  well 
suited.  Principal  timber,  large  poplar,  beoch,  oak,  gum,  sugar 
tree  and  honey  locust,  with  an  undergrowth  of  cane,  plum  and 
grapevines.  Well  watered.  Numerous  clear,  cold  springs 
gush  from  the  base  of  "  Crowley's  ridge."  The  Arkansas  Cen- 
tral railroad  passes  through  the  county  from  Helena  due  west. 
The  Mississippi  river  furnishes  transportation  at  all  seasons  of 
the  year.  Population,  15,372.  Helena,  the  county  seat,  is 
situated  on  the  Mississippi  river.  It  has  a  population  of  about 
4000  inhabitants,  and  rapidly  improving.  Helena  possesses 
natural  advantages  which,  at  no  distant  day,  will  make  it  a 
large  commercial  city. 

PIKE    COUNTY 

Is  situated  in  the  southv>^est  portion,  south  of  Montgomery  and 
north  of  Hempstead  counties.  Population  in  1870,  3788. 
Murfreesboro,  with  a  population  of  SOO,  is  the  county  seat. 
The  land  in  the  northern  portion  is  hilly,  in  the  southern 
table  land  and  creek  bottoms.  Soil  very  good,  i>roducing  fair 
crops  of  cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats  and  potatoes.  Principal  tim- 
ber, pine,  oak  and  hickory.  This  is  a  rich  mineral  count}-. 
The  minerals  consist  of  iron,  lead,  limestone,  gaseous  marl, 
slate  and  valuable  beds  of  gypsum.  Little  river  affords  splen- 
did water-power,  and  years  ago  a  cotton  factory  (the  only  one 
in  the  state)  was  built  on  that  stream,  and  has  since  been  in 
successful  operation.  Yruits  of  several  varieties  are  grown  in 
abundance. 

POLK   COUNIY 

Lies  south  of  Scott,  adjoining  the  Indian  Territory.  Surface 
generally  rough  and  mountainous.  The  valleys  on  the  creeks 
are  productive.  Products,  cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats,  barley 
and  sweet  potatoes.  The  timber  consists  of  pine,  walnut, 
cherry,  oak,  etc.  This  county  is  supplied  with  an  abundance 
of  delicious  water  and  much  water-power.  The  upland  soil  is 
well  suited  to  fruit  and  grain  growing.     For  want  of  trans- 


118  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 


portation,  the  soil  is  generally  uncultivated,  as  the  assessment 
of  real  estate  will  show,  being  only  ST4,480. 

POPE    COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  east  by  Conway  and  Van  Buien,  south  by 
the  Arkansas  river,  west  by  Johnson,  north  by  Xewton  and 
Searcy  counties.  Surface  irregular,  hills,  uplands,  creek  and 
river  bottoms.  The  river  bottoms  are  wide,  and  as  fertile  as 
any  soil  in  the  valley.  Cotton  yields  from  three-fourths  to 
one  and  a  half  bales  per  acre,  corn  from  forty  to  seventy 
bushels  per  acre,  wheat  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  bushels  per 
acre,  and  other  cereals  and  grasses  in  the  same  ratio,  with  in- 
ferior cultivation.  The  uplands  are  fine  and  fertile,  adapted 
best  to  corn,  small  grain,  fruit,  tobacco  and  the  grape.  Very 
many  living  and  cold  springs  break  out  along  the  banks  and 
in  the  valleys  of  Point  Remove,  Galla  creek,  Whig  creek,  Il- 
linois bayou  and  their  affluents.  Water-power  is  abundant  on 
all  these  streams.  A  large  and  perpetual  mineral  spring  wells 
on  the  mountain  above  ISTorristown,  and  has  been  a  noted 
resort  for  invalids  for  years.  The  timber  of  this  county  is 
principally  large  oak,  cottonwood,  walnut,  cherry,  pecan, 
hickory,  gum,  sycamore,  maple,  pine,  etc.  Coal  is  found  in 
many  parts  of  this  county.  Iron  ore,  oxyde,  carbonate  and 
kidney  abound  in  the  hills.  The  range  is  very  fine,  the  most 
superior,  and  is  very  fine  for  stock  raising,  especially  sheep. 
Clover,  timothy  and  herd  grass  grovr  well  on  the  lowlands. 
The  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  railroad  passes  through  the 
county.  Population,  8409.  Russellville,  a  thriving  town  on 
the  railroad,  is  the  county  seat.  Galla  Rock  and  IS'orriatown, 
on  the  river,  are  shipping  points. 

POINSETT     COLNTV 

Lies  north  of  Cross,  east  of  Mississip^'i,  south  of  Craighead  and 
west  of  Jackson.  Surface  level,  except  that  portion  occuj)ied 
by  "Crowley's  ridge."  One-tenth  prairie.  There  is  a  peculiar 
soil  of  extraordinary  fertility  occupying  the  western  portion, 
particularly  on  Cache  bottom.     It  is  sweet  gum  and  red  elm 


KESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  119 

land,  with  an  undergrowth  of  slippery  elm  and  dogwood. 
This  soil  is  best  adapted  for  cotton  and  corn,  producing  from 
forty  to  sixty  bushels  of  corn  or  a  bale  of  cotton  to  the  acre. 
The  prairie  soil  is  also  good  corn  land,  while  the  adjacent 
ridge  land  produces  from  thirty  to  forty  bnshels  per  acre.  The 
growth  on  the  ridge  is  ash,  oak,  poplar  and  walnut  in  abun- 
dance. Fruits  of  several  varieties  grow  finely  on  this  "  Crow- 
ley ridge,"  as  apples,  peaches,  etc.     Minerals  undeveloped. 

PRAIRIE  COUNTY. 

Population  is  about  eight  thousand  inhabitants ;  taxable 
property,  $1,800,000.  Soil  medium  and  first-class  ;  west  side 
of  White  river  it. is  medium,  and  on  the  east  side  first  quality. 
The  products  are  corn,  cotton  and  potatoes  ;  the  profit  in  rais- 
ing cotton  is  about  thirty  dollars  per  acre ;  the  price  averages 
about  seventeen  cents  per  pound  ;  many  farmers  raise  a  bale 
to  the  acre,  worth  from  sevent}^  to  one  hundred  dollars  per 
bale ;  corn  is  worth,  on  an  average,  eight}^  cents  per  bushel. 
The  land  is  good  for  grass  ;  timothy  grows  tolerably  well  on 
the  best  lands,  but  is  not  raised  to  any  extent.  Home  is  the 
best  market  for  grasses  and  corn ;  New  Orleans  and  Memphis 
are  the  cotton  markets. 

The  health  of  the  county  will  compare  with  any  other 
county  in  the  same  latitude  ;  have  some  chills  and  fever  in 
August  and  September.  The  market  for  cotton  is  permanent, 
and  will  be  for  corn  and  hay  for  years  to  come.  Those  who 
have  strictly  confined  themselves  to  the  culture  of  corn  and 
potatoes  and  raising  stock  have  succeeded  the  best.  Timber 
is  cypress,  gum  and  white-oak  on  the  rivers  ;  on  the  uplands 
are  hickory,  post-oak,  red-oak  and  black-oak.  A  man  with  a 
thousand  dollars  well  laid  out  will  in  a  few  years  come  to  be 
independent.  Good  upland,  well  timbered,  in  the  woods, 
within  five  to  ten  miles  of  White  river,  that  will  yield  from 
twenty-five  to  thirty  bushels  of  corn  and  one-half  to  threc- 
Iburths  of  a  bale  of  cotton  per  acre,  can  be  purchased  at  from 
one  dollar  and  a  half  to  two  dol'ars  and  a  half  per  acre.  Per- 
sons who  are  without  means  who  are  farmers  can  get  situa- 


120  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

tions  as  tenants  on  the  halves — the  land-owner  furnishing 
team,  laud,  tools,  houses  and  supplies — the  supplies  to  be  paid 
for  by  the  tenant  when  the  crop  is  gathered  and  sold.  Very  many 
persons  labor  that  way  for  the  first  and  second  years,  and  many 
who  commenced  that  way  since  the  war  now  own  land  and 
are  prospering.  There  is  a  great  demand  for  farm  labor  in 
the  county.  The  Memphis  and  Little  Rock  railroad  passes 
through  the  center  of  the  county. 

The  "White  River  Valley  and  Texas  railroad  has  about 
twelve  miles  graded  on  the  east  side  of  White  river,  running 
north.  This,  if  completed,  will  also  pass  through  the  center 
of  the  county,  running  from  the  northeast  to  the  southwest 
corner  of  the  county. 

PULASKI  COUNTY 

Lies  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  state,  on  both  sides  of  the 
Arkansas  river.  Surface  irregular — hills,  upland  and  river 
bottoms.  The  bottom  lands  are  high,  dry,  fertile  and  highly 
cultivated,  capable  of  any  amount  of  production  of  all  the 
grains,  corn,  cotton,  tobacco,  grasses  and  fruits.  The  uj^lands 
are  good  and  rich,  yielding  bountifully  of  all  the  products 
usual  to  this  latitude.  The  undergrowth  is  dense,  and  the 
grape  and  muscadine  grow  in  profusion.  The  timber  is  good 
and  the  grass  excellent.  Water  is  abundant  in  every  portion 
— many  springs  gush  from  the  hills.  Minerals — iron,  lead, 
silver,  kaolin,  fire-clay,  slate  and  limestone.  The  Kellogg 
lead  and  silver  mines  are  located  here.  Dr.  Owen  says,  in  his 
Geological  Survey  of  this  state,  that  the  iron  ores  of  this 
county — especially  the  limonite — are  "  well  worthy  the  atten- 
tion of  the  iron-master."  The  ores  are  here — the  wood,  the 
w^ater,  the  navigable  river,  the  railroads,  and  above,  on  the 
Arkansas,  is  the  coal-field.  In  location  and  general  charac- 
teristics, this  county  is  desirable.  All  varieties  of  land  cai^  be 
found  here — the  roughest  being  the  best  fruit  and  grape  land. 
There  are  several  large  orchards  and  vineyards  established  on 
this  soil.  Here  can  be  found  all  the  advantages  required  by 
the  farmer,  manufacturer,  mechanic  or  capitalist.  The  Mem- 
phis and  Little  Rock,  the  Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith,  the 


IIESOUKCES  OF  AKKA^sSAS.  IJl 


Cairo  and  Fulton,  the  Arkansas  Central,  the  Little  Rock, 
Pine  Bluff  and  Xew  Orleans,  and  several  other  roads  passing 
and  to  pass  through  this  county,  center  at  Little  Rock — the 
county-seat.  The  United  States  land  office  for  the  Little  Rock 
district  is  located  here.  Pulaski  county  tells  the  following 
gtory  in  the  census  tables:  1820,  1923;  1830,  2395;  1840, 
5350;  1850,  5657;  18(30,  11,699;  1870,  32,066— not  far  from 
40,000  inhabitants  at  this  time,  and  growing  rapidly.  Value 
of  real  estate,  per  assessment  of  1872,  $9,593,715,  Lands 
range  in  price  from  five  dollars  to  one  hundred  dollars  per 
acre — the  latter  price  being  for  land  adjacent  to  the  city.  For 
description  of  Little  Rock,  see  under  the  title  of  "  The  State 
Capital."" 

RANDOLPH  COUNTY 

Joins  Missouri  on  the  south  and  Clayton  county  on  the  west. 
Lies  in  the  northeast  part  of  the  state.  Surface  in  the  eastern 
portion  nearly  level — alluviums.  This  rich  alluvial  soil  is 
very  productive  and  easily  cultivated.  It  is  well  adapted  for 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  cotton  and  potatoes.  These  soils  may  be 
especially  cited  for  their  productiveness — yielding  on  an  aver- 
age a  bale  of  cotton  or  forty  to  sixty  bushels  of  corn  to  the 
acre,  llerdsgrass  and  timothy  produce  well.  The  growth  of 
timber  is  large,  and  comprises  white,  black,  red  and  post  oak, 
ash,  sycamore,  elm  and  walnut.  The  western  portion  is  roll- 
ing and  hill}',  covered  with  a  growth  of  valuable  timber. 
The  soil  is  well  adapted  for  grain,  fruit  and  tobacco.  Is  well 
watered  and  possesses  many  fine  water-powers.  For  stock- 
raising  this  county  affords  admirable  facilities,  owing  to  the 
great  number  of  streams  of  pure  w^ater  and  the  abundant  pas- 
turage at  all  times  available.  Minerals — lead,  zinc  and  iron. 
Land  cheap — six  dollars  is  the  average  price  for  improved  : 
unimproved  is  worth  three  dollars.  Population,  7466.  Poca- 
hontas, a  town  of  eight  hundred  inhabitants,  is  the  county- 
seat.  It  is  located  on  Black  river,  which  is  navigable  during 
high  water  to  this  place. 
9 


122  RESOURCES    OF    ARKANSAS. 

SALINE    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  Perry  and  Pulaski,  north  of  Garland  and  Hot 
Spring,  and  is  crossed  by  the  Cairo  and  Fulton  railroad  in  its 
eastern  portion.  Surface  of  the  county  chiefly  rolling.  The 
north,  middle  and  south  forks  of  the  Saline  river  run  through 
this  county,  furnishing  much  valuable  water-power.  The 
lowlands  along  these  streams  are  here  rich  and  productive, 
and  are  occupied  by  some  l^eautiful  farms.  The  uplands  are 
productive  in  grain  and  fruit,  and  the  range  good.  Water  is 
plentilul  and  clear  springs  break  out  in  these  rough  lands. 
The  timber  all  through  this  region  is  fine.  Soapstone  or  fire- 
clay is  abundant,  nnd  is  probably  equal  to  any  soapstone  or 
fire-clay  found  in  Massachusetts  and  so  much  used  in  com- 
merce. It  is  also,  doubtless,  valuable  for  the  manufacture  of 
ware.  Great  beds  of  fine  porcelain  clay  are  ibund  here,  which 
is  known  to  be  valuable  to  manufacturers  and  from  which  the 
finest  of  ware  can  be  made.  Xear  Benton,  m  this  county,  is 
a  pottery  manufacturer  doing  a  prosperous  business.  The 
principal  products  are  cotton,  corn,  grain  and  potatoes.  Iron 
ore  is  said  to  be  abundant.  Lauds  are  yet  very  cheap,  but  the 
nearness  of  this  county  to  Little  Rock,  the  commercial  center 
of  the  state,  will  render  it  attractive  to  the  immigrant  and 
will  therefore  enhance  the  value  of  property.  Population, 
3911.  Benton,  the  county  seat,  is  situated  on  the  Cairo  and 
Fulton  railroad,  and  contains  a  population  of  three  hundred 
inhabitants. 

SARBER    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  the  Arkansas  river,  west  of  Yell,  east  of  Se- 
bastian and  north  of  Scott  and  Yell  counties.  Surface  broken 
and  about  one-sixteenth  of  the  area  prairie,  Haguewood 
prairie,  which  skirts  the  river  bottom  Irom^the  base  of  the 
two  Short  mountains  southward,  is  beautiful,  broken,  rolli^ig, 
fertile,  covered  with  luxuriant  grasses  and  prairie  growth, 
with  springs  occasionally  gushing  out,  and  is  underlaid 
throughout  by  coal ;  indeed,  coal  is  said  to  be  plentiful  in 
nearly  every  portion  of  the  count}'.     Shoal  creek  waters  the 


RESOURCES    OF    ARKANSAS.  123 


eastern  and  Petit  Jean  the  western  portion.  These  streams 
afford  good  water-power.  A  large  pinery  extends  from  the 
mouth  of  Shoal  creek  to  Dardanelle  Rock,  some  eighteen  miles, 
from  five  to  eight  miles  wide,  and  lies  immediately  along  the 
river  all  the  way.  The  county  is  broken  and  hilly,  but  there 
are  some  tracts  of  upland  tillable,  and  numerous  springs  break 
out.  The  river  bottom,  creek  valleys  and  prairies  furnish  the 
arable  land.  A  good  corn,  grass,  grain,  cotton  and  tobacco 
county.  Fine  timber  and  fine  building  stone.  Lead,  iron 
and  silver  have  been  found  at  the  headwaters  of  Shoal  creek. 
Population,  3764.     Anderson  is  the  county  seat. 

SCOTT    COUNTY 

Lies  north  of  Polk,  east  of  the  Indian  territory,  aud  south  of 
Sebastian  county.  Surface  broken — mountains,  foothills  and 
valleys.  The  headwaters  of  the  Poteau,  Petit  Jean  and 
Fourche  La  Fave  are  in  this  county.  These  are  ever-living, 
clear,  bold  streams.  Tlie  valleys  of  the  streams  are  very  pro- 
ductive in  cotton  and  corn.  The  foothills  are  well  adapted  to 
grain,  fruit  and  stock  raising.  Wheat  grows  finely.  Timber 
good — pine  and  cedar  abundant.  Long  reaches  of  fertile  up- 
lands flank  the  streams  between  the  hills,  and  it  is  exceedingly 
well  watered  in  both  upland  and  valley  by  springs,  furnishing 
valuable  water  power.  Lands  are  remarkably  cheap  in  this 
county,  ranging  from  one  to  five  dollars  an  acre.  In  many  por- 
tions farms  are  for  rent.  Population,  7483,  Waldron,  a  town 
of  five  hundred  souls,  i.-;  the  county  seat. 

•SE.ARCY    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  Marion,  west  of  Stone,  east  of  Xewton,  and 
north  of  Van  Buren.  Surface  irregular — high  hills,  broad 
table  lauds  and  cl-eek  bottoms.  Soil  of  the  bottoms  produces 
cotton  and  corn.  Grain  and  fruit  grow  on  the  table  lands. 
Stock  of  all  kinds  thrive  here.  Minerals  are  lead,  coal,  iron 
and  marble.  Many  varieties  of  fruit  are  found  growing  wild.. 
For  the  immigrant  who  wants  to  raise  fruit,  stock  or  grain  in 
a  quiet  county  this  would  suit  him.     Railroad  prospects  not 


124  EESOUECES    OF   AKKANSAS. 

very  bright  at  present.  Population,  5614,  Marshall,  a  village 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  souls,  is  the  county  town.  Timber 
abundant ;  principal  growth — oak,  ash,  walnut,  hickory,  etc. 
Saw  and  grist  mills  scarce;  there  are  one  steam  and  two  water- 
power  grht  and  saw  mills.  Tame  grasses  do  well,  and  water 
abundant. 

SEBASTIAN     COUNTY 

Is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Arkansas  river,  west  by  the 
Indian  territory,  south  by  Scott  county,  east  by  Franklin  and 
iSarber,  The  general  character  of  the  county  is  high  and 
rolling.  About  one-tenth  prairie.  The  land  on  the  river  is 
equal  to  any,  and  lies  in  wide,  fertile  tracts.  Tlic  lowlands  of 
the  streams  are  similar  to  those  of  others  above  described. 
There  are  great  tracts  of  level  and  gently  broken  upland,  a 
large  part  of  which  are  rich  and  productive.  All  things  con- 
sidered, this  must  be  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  very  best 
counties  in  the  state.  The  soil  not  only  yields  cotton,  but 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  rye  and  buckwheat.  The  usual  products 
per  acre  are:  Cotton  one  bale,  corn  thirty  to  sixty  bushels, 
wheat  ten  to  twenty  bushels,  and  oats  twenty  to  forty  bushels. 
A  great  variety  of  vegetables  are  abundant  and  cheap.  Well 
adapted  to  fruit  growing.  The  few  orchards  in  bearing  yield 
to  the  husbandman  a  rich  reward.  Especial!}^  suited  to  stock 
raising,  as  the  range  is  as  luxuriant  as  anywhere  in  the  valley 
below.  Timothy,  clover  and  herdgrass  flourish,  and  water  is 
abundant  in  all  parts  of  the  county.  The  timber  consists 
principally  of  oak,  ash,  black  walnut,  hickory,  gum,  cherry, 
cedar  and  pine.  The  pinery  commences  twenty  miles  south  of 
the  Arkansas  river,  and  extends  south  and  southwest  to  the 
Red  river,  and  the  trees  in  magnitude  are  excelled  by  no 
country  east  of  California  and  Oregon,  In  this  section  are 
many  mills.  The  price  of  pine  lumber  in  Fort  Smith  is  from 
$17  to  $20;  at  the  mills  from  $10  to  |12  per  thousand  feet. 
Walnut  lumber  is  worth  from  $15  to  $35.  Numerous  streams 
wind  through  this  county,  affording  great  supply  for  mills. 
This  county  is  in  the  heart  of  the  coal  field  of  Arkansas.    The 


KESOUKCES    OF    ARKANSAS.  las 


late  Dr.  D.  1).  Owen,  in  his  geological  report  of  Arkansas  for 
the  years  1859  and  1860,  sajs  ; 

"The  coal  fields  of  Sebastian  county  are  thicker  and  ruore 
extensive  than  any  in  the  state.  The  coal  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  kinds,  especially  for  maniitacturing  purposes,  and  its 
thickness  must  exercise  a  most  important  influence  on  the 
future  prospects  of  Sebastian  county,  esp*ecially  in  tlie  location 
of  lines  of  railroad  in  the  valley  ot'  the  Arkansas  river." 

Ihe  veins  average  in  thickness  from  three  to  six  feet,  and 
vary  from  six  feet  to  twenty  feet  frv>m  the  surface.  Thro^B  or 
four  railroads  are  projected  through  this  county,  one  of  which 
— the  Little  Kock  and  Fort  Smith,  under  actual  process  of 
construction — will  reacli  this  county  by  Januar}^  1874,  at  its 
present  rate  of  progress.  Only  railroads  are  needed  to  insure 
the  rapid  growth  and  prosperity  of  this  county.  Population 
in  1870,12  6^0.  Greenwood,  a  village  of  200  inhabitants  is 
the  county  seat.  Fort  Smith,  the  commercial  town  of  this 
count}^,  and  the  largest  city  in  western  Arkansas,  is  beauti- 
fully located  on  the  Arkansas  river,  contiguous  to  the  Indian 
Territory.  It  contains  a  population  of  about  8500  inhabitants, 
and  has  nuiny  good  brick  and  stone  blocks.  Many  elegant 
houses  adorn  tlie  suburbs  of  the  town.  It  supports  four  weekly 
newspapers,  nine  churches  and  six  schools,  Tlie  United  States 
court  for  the  we^;tern  disti'ivt  of  Arkansas  is  held  at  Fort  Smith. 
The  businos.-i  men  are  public  spirited,  enterprising,  and  wide 
awake  to  every  enterpiise  likely  to  benefit  Fort  Smith  and  the 
surrounding  country. 


SEVIER    COUNTY 


Is  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Indian  Nation,  and  on  the  south 
by  the  Little  river.  In  1870  this  count}'  had  4492  inhabi- 
tants. The  county  seat,  Locksburg,  has  a  population  of  200. 
Surface  mountainous  and  hilly,  with  narrow  vallc}'  in  the 
northern  part ;  the  southern  portion  is  gently  rolling.  The 
black  lands  are  exceedingly  fertile,  producing  one  bale  of  cot- 
ton or  sixty  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  One  field  of  250  acres 
has  yielded  825  bales  of  cotton  for  several  successive  years. 


12G  KESOL'JKCES  OF  ARKANSA.^. 

The  uplands  produce  35  bushels  of  corn  or  20  bushels  of  wheat 
to  the  acre.  This  county  is  rich  in  minerals.  The  Bellah  lead 
and  silver  mines  are  located  here,  one  ton  of  which  assayed  78 
per  cent,  of  lead,  and  one  ton  of  lead  yielded  53  ounces  of  sil- 
ver. Slate,  chalk  marl  and  marly  limestone,  iron  and  salt  are 
also  found.  At  tlie  Graham  salt  mines  large  quantities  of  salt 
have  been  made  in  times  pa&t,  but  the  works  have  been  aban- 
doned, probably  because  the  borings  were  not  tarried  to  a  suf- 
ficient great  depth.  Trincipal  timber — hickory,  oak,  pine, 
waluut  and  cherry.  The  leadiiig  fruits  are  apples,  peaches  and 
plums. 

SHARP    COUKTY 

Lies  west  of  Randolph  and  Lawrence,  east  of  Fulton  and 
Izard,  north  ot  Independence,  and  south  of  Missouri.  The 
geographical  character  of  the  country  is  that  of  a  plateau,  di- 
vided into  a  series  of  successive  ridges  by  numerous  clear 
streams  and  creeks,  which  aifbrd  the  finest  water  powers  im- 
aginable. The  chaiacteristic  formations  of  the  country  west  of 
Black  river  and  on  its  tributaries  are  the  silurian,  either  cherty 
or  compact  limestone,  with  some  strata  of  s-andstone.  In  this 
county  the  ridges,  mostly  of  cherty  limestone,  are  covered  with 
trees  of  small  size — the  mockernut  hickory,  the  black  jack  and 
.post  oak.  These  ridges  are  covered  by  a  luxuriant  vegetation 
of  grasses  and  numerous  species  of  herbaceous  plants,  thus  fur- 
nishing a  good  and  abundant  pasture  for  cattle,  especially 
sheep.  The  soil  is  the  "  mulatto  barren,"'  soft  permeable,  of  a 
grayish  color,  producing  abundant  crops  of  corn,  wheat,  rye 
.and  oats.  On  the  creek  bottoms,  with  a  timber  growth  of 
mulberr}-,  walnut,  ish,  etc.,  cotton  uelds  well.  Minerals — 
iron,  zinc  and  lead.  The  American  Zinc  company,  of  New 
York,  is  engaged  in  working  the  mines  of  this  countj'.  Pop- 
ulation, 5400.  Evening  Shade,  a  village  of  300  inhabitants,  is 
the  county  seat. 

ST.    FIIANCI8   COUNTY 

Lies  west  of  Crittenden,  south  of  Cross,  north  of  Lee,  and  east 
-of  Monroe  and  WooJruft".     Surface  very  level,  except  in  the 


RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  121 


cenlral  portioD,  which  *is  occupied  by  "Crowley's  Ridge." 
The  soils  of  the  levee  portions  are  exceedingly  rich,  but  need 
draining.  This  bottom  soil,  where  cultivated,  produces  a  bale 
of  cotton  or  sixty  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  The  portion 
occupied  by  the  ridge  is  the  most  thickly  settled  and  healthiest 
part  of  the  county.  This  soil  produces  cotton  and  corn,  grain 
and  fruit.  Grasses  flourish,  and  water  is  abundant.  Timber 
growth — oak,  cypress,  ash,  gum,  walnut  and  elm.  .Minerals 
undeveloped.  Improved  land  worth  from  $20  to  |30  per  acre; 
unimproved  from  $5  to  $10.  The  Memphis  and  Little  Rock 
raihoad  runs  through  the  county  from  east  to  west.  Popula- 
tion, G'iH.  Madison,  the  county  seat,  is  a  small  village  of  250 
inhabitants,  Forrest  City,  the  chief  town,  has  a  population  of 
1-200  inhabitants. 

STONE    COUNTY 

Was  formed  from  portionsof  Izard,  Independence,  Van  Bureu 
iind  Searcy  counties  in  1873.  Surface  is  very  irregular — high 
hills,  deep  valleys  and  river  bottoms.  Soil  produces  cotton, 
corm  grain  and  fruits.  Stock  do  remarkablv  well, and  tobacco 
yields  800  to  1000  pounds  per  acre.  Minerals — iron,  lead  and 
marble.  Timber  abundant,  and  lumber  cheap.  "Well  watered 
by  Little  Red  river  and  its  tributaries,  which  in  many  places 
aftbrd  valuable  water-power.  White  river  borders  the  north- 
eastern portion  and  furnishes  transportation. 

UNION    COUNTY 

lias  the  State  of  Louisiana  for  its  southern  boundary.  l*opu- 
lation,  10,571.  El  Dorado,  the  county  seat,  has  a  population 
of  500.  Surface  of  the  country  both  rolling  and  level.  There 
are  three  varieties  of  soil  here:  First,  yellow  silicious  soil,  on 
Avhich  the  principal  growth  is  beech,  oak,  gum,  holly,  pine  and 
maple,  with  an  undergrowth  of  hazel.  This  is  the  most  pro- 
ductive soil  in  the  county,  and  prevails  in  the  northwestern 
and  southeastern  parts;  this  soil  yields  on  an  average  800 
pounds  of  seed  cotton,  20  bushels  of  corn  or  10  bushels  of 
wheat  to  the  acre  The  second  quality  is  a  light  sandy  soil, 
based  on  the   orange-colored   sand  and   clay   just  above  the 


128  RESOUKCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

gravel;  it  will  produce  on  an  average  from  GOO  to  800  pounds 
of  seed  cotton  or  20  to  25  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre.  The 
third  variety  is  the  flat,  wet  soil ;  not  much  cultivated.  Tim- 
ber growth — pine,  oak,  ash,  beech,  gum  and  holly.  Lignite 
beds  are  found  in  all  parts  of  the  county.  The  leading  crops 
are  cotton,  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  I'eaches,  grapes  and 
apples  are  grown  to  some  extent. 

A'AN    BUREN    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  Stone  and  Searcj',  west  of  AVhite  and  Independ- 
ence, north  of  "White  and  Conway  and  east  of  Pope.  Surface 
irregular,  bills,  bottoms  and  table  lands.  The  eastern  portion 
of  the  county  supports  a  growth  of  large  pine  trees.  The  soil 
is  light,  sand}^,  permeable,  and  produces  from  twenty  five  to 
tliirt}^  bushels  of  corn  or  ten  to  fifteen  bushels  of  wheat  per 
acre.  It  is  still  better  for  tobacco,  giving  on  an  average  one 
thousand  pounds  per  acre.  The  valley  of  Little  Red  ris'er  is 
the  richest  portion  of  the  county.  It  is  well  watered,  and  suj>- 
ports  a  large  grow^th  of  timber — viz.:  gum,  elm,  ash,  maple, 
oak,  hackberry,  linden,  with  an  undergrowth  of  pawpaw,  spice 
and  leatherwood.  This  valley  is  very  productive  in  cotton, 
tobacco  and  all  kinds  of  grain.  Well  adupted  to  stock  and 
fruit  growing.  Several  mineral  springs  exist  here — one  an  ex- 
cellent chalybeate  spring,  -which  is  said  to  be  a  good  antidote 
for  dyspeps'a.  ^Minerals — iron,  coal,  nitre  earth  and  alum. 
Population,  5107.  Clinton,  a  small  town  of  about  100  inhabi- 
tants is  the  county  seat. 

WASHING!  ox    COUNl'V 

Is  situated  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  state,  adjoining 
Benton  on  the  south,  Madison  on  the  west  and  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory on  the  east.  The  surface  is  broken,  especially'  in  the 
eastern  and  southern  portions.  In  the  western  part  of  the 
county  arc  several  large  prairies.  Tlie  soil  is  usually  very  good 
and  productive,  of  the  flint  and  sandstone  varieties.  The 
prairies  are  excellent  for  cultivation,  as  well  as  the  laud  bor- 
dering the  streams,  and  much  of  that  on  the  top  of  the  moun- 


KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS.  129 

tains.  The  hills  and  nionntaiii  sides  are  usually  covered  with 
grass,  aft'ording  good  grazing  for  stock.  Orchards  and  the 
grape  flourish  best,  as  a  rule,  upon  the  slopes.  The  county- 
has  a  very  good  market  for  most  of  its  produce  in  Texas  and 
the  Indian  Territory,  as  well  as  on  the  Arkansas  river,  the 
chief  difticulty  existing  in  deficient  transportation.  All  kinds 
of  grain  do  well.  This  is  the  apple  region,  par  excellence,  of 
the  state.  Minerals — good  bituminous  coal,  valuable  tire  clay, 
iron  and  lead.  Assayed  specimens  of  the  argentiferous  galena 
yielded  as  high  as  ^^\y  ounces  of  silver  to  the  ton.  Timber 
growth  on  the  mountains,  wdiite  oak,  cherry,  black  walnut, 
yellow  pine,  hickory,  sugar  tree,  mulberry,  locust,  etc.  On 
bottoms,  elm,  maple,  hackberry,  sycamore,  hazel,  sumach,  plum 
and  pawpaw.  The^pine  gives  employment  to  several  saw-mills, 
and  there  is  plenty  of  room  for  more.  ^  The  county  is  abun- 
dantly supplied  with  water.  Good  land  can  be  bought  at 
from  $3  to  ^35  per  acte,  according  to  location  and  improve- 
ments. Churches  of  the  various  denominations  are  scattered 
through  the  county,  and  several  villages.  Cane  Hill,  Cincin- 
nati and  McGuire's  store,  do  a  thriving  business.  This  county 
is  noted  for  its  general  healthfulness  and  picturesque  moun- 
tain scenery.  Cotton  grows  to  some  extent,  and  tobacco,  po- 
tatoes and  the  different  grasses  are  seen  to  be  profitable  crops. 
The  fruit  and  flour  of  this  county  have  a  reputation  as  wide 
as  the  state,  and  in  point  of  education  it  is  second  to  none. 
Besides  the  Arkansas  Industrial  University,  Cane  Hill  Col- 
lege, and  several  schools  of  a  private  character,  of  more  or  less 
merit,  the  public  schools  throughout  the  county  are  in  a  bet- 
ter condition  than  in  most  other  counties  in  the  state.  Whether 
the  settler  desires  to  raise  grain,  stock,  fruit,  or  all  combined, 
he  can  hardly  find  a  better  county  in  which  to  locate.  Popu- 
lation, 17,206.  Fayetteville,  th'^  county  seat,  is  a  town  of  some 
1200  inhabitants,  situated  upon  a  hill  which  commands  a 
magnificent  view  of  the  Ozark  mountain.  Its  business  houses 
are  generally  good,  many  of  them  substantially  built  of  brick. 
Among  the  best  are  the  two  bank  buildings  of  W.  II.  Etter 
and  Denton  D.  Stark,  both  of  which  are  an  ornament  to  the 
town  and  state. 


i;iO  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

WHITE    COUNTY 

Joins  Faulkner  on  the  east  and  Lonoke  on  the  north.  Surface 
hilly  and  rolling  in  the  western  portion,  nearly  level  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  county.  A  good  soil  is  the  most  useful 
and  enduring  wealth  of  a  country.  Without  the  fear  of  con- 
tradiction, the  White  river  valley  possesses  one  of  the  best 
soils  in  the  state  for  the  cultivation  of  cotton  and  corn,  and 
other  great  staples,  liemp  and  tobacco.  The  alluvial  bottom 
of  White  river,  which  borders  the  entire  eastern  portion  of 
this  county,  and  the  bottom  of  Little  Red  river,  which  occu- 
pies the  central  portion,  present  a  loose  vegetable  soil,  very 
productive.  The  timber  is  a  growth  of  oak,  walnut,  ash, 
hickory,  buckeje,  box-elder  and  pawpaw.  Cotton  and  corn 
are  the  leading  products,  but  the  grains  and  grasses,  vegeta- 
bles and  fruits  grow  well  and  are  remunerative  from  the  prox- 
imity of  this  county  to  the  capital — thirty  miles.  This  is  one 
of  the  best  watered  counties  in  the  state.  Every  portion  of  it 
is  intersected  by  rivers,  creeks  and  branches.  The  Little  Red 
and  White  rivers,  Bayou  Departy,  Bayou  Des  Arc,  Cypress 
bayou,  besides  numerous  branches,  intersect  nearly  every  town- 
ship in  the  county.  Water  power  and  mill  sites  are  plenty. 
These  streams  abound  in  fish,  particularly  the  bayous.  Lands 
are  yet  cheap.  Searcy,  a  town  of  about  1000  inhabitants,  is 
the  county  seat.  It  is  located  four  miles  from  the  C.  &  F.  R. 
R.,  and  fifty  miles  from  Little  Rock.  Several  new  towns  have 
recently  sprung  up  along  the  railroad. 

WOODRUFF    COUNTY 

Is  situated  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  state,  containing, 
with  its  eastern  portion  of  the  county,  a  rolling  land,  whilst 
the  western  shows  a  most  productive  soil,  suitable  for  cotton, 
which  will  jield  from  one  to  one  and  a  quarter  bales  to  the 
acre,  and  corn  from  sixty  to  seventy-five  bushels.  This  por- 
tion of  the  county  is  known  as  a  second  bottom.  Augusta  is 
the  county  seat,  containing  a  population  of  1000  inhabitants, 
presenting  a  most  inviting  appearance.  The  public  buildings 
and  other  improvements  are  what  may  be  considered  much  to 


KEbOUrvCES  OF  AKKANSAS.  131 

the  credit  of  its  citizens.  Woodruft" county,  although  not  one 
of  the  largest  or  most  improved  counties  in  the  state,  yet  has 
an  assessment  of  upwards  of  $1,500,000,  the  equalization  being 
2.20.  The  rapidity  of  public  improvements  presents  it  a  splen- 
did inducement  to  settlers,  and  it  will  in  time  rank  second  to 
any  other  county  in  the  state.  The  Cairo  and  Fnlton  railroad 
traverses  the  western  boundary,  while  White  river  Hows  along 
the  same  borders.  The  Memphis  and  Little  Rock  passes  along 
the  southern  skirt?.  Cache  river  Hows  through  the  central 
portion  of  the  county,  and  is  navigable  for  sixty  miles  nine 
months  in  the  year.  Leading  products  are  cotton,  corn,  wheat, 
oats  and  potatoes.  Fruit  does  well,  especially  peaches,  plums, 
cherries  and  grapes.     Cultivated  grasses  grow  finely. 

YELL    COUNTY 

Lies  south  of  Sarber  and  the  Arkajisas  river.  Surface  airree- 
ably  diversified — broad  valleys,  fruitful  uplands  and  rugged 
mountains.  There  are  many  streams  in  this  county  of  living- 
water,  and  on  them  are  many  mills :  along  them  all  the  tim- 
ber is  fine,  and  all  the  luxuriant  undergrowth,  vines  and 
shrubs  peculiar  to  the  valley  flourish.  The  Petit  Jean  and 
Fourche  la  Fave — two  of  the  great  tributaries  of  the  Arkan- 
sas— run  through  the  county.  The  valleys  of  these  streams 
are  the  fairest  of  any  tributaries  on  the  south  side.  Fine 
farms  lie  along  these  valleys  and  in  the  contiguous  uplands. 
The  uplands  are  remarkably  good,  and  the  timber  superb.  All 
the  productions  usual  to  the  valley  grow  here  in  great 
quantity  and  perfection  ;  indeed,  the  county  of  Yell  is  famous 
for  her  fine  uplands,  to  say  nothing  of  her  rich  lowlands. 
There  are  small  prairies  in  this  county  similar  to  those  in 
Pope.  Mineral  springs  of  health-restoring  properties  are  fre- 
<{uent  and  pleasant  resorts  in  summer  for  the  invalid,  some  of 
them  being  high  above  the  level  of  the  valle}-.  One  of  them 
— a  white  sulphur — was  for  many  years  a  fashionable  resort, 
and  the  water  pronounced  equal  to  any  in  A'irginia  or  Ken- 
tucky. It  is  called  Dardanelle  Springs,  and  is  about  nine 
miles  southeast  from  the  town  of  Dardanelle.     Oxvdes  of  iron 


132  RESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

and  lead  are  here  both  found.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
hills  will,  when  explored,  be  found  to  possess  a  miaeralogical 
interest  and  value  second  to  no  range  in  the  state.  Coal  is 
found  in  many  places  in  this  county;  indeed,  this  county  is  a 
part  of  the  southern  boundary  of  the  great  coal  field.  Dan- 
ville is  the  county-seat,  a  small  town  in  the  interior.  Darda- 
nelle — on  the  Arkansas  river,  about  midway  between  Little 
Rock  and  Fort  Smith — is  a  busy,  growing  town  of  some 
twenty-five  hundred  inhabitants,  with  commodious  ware- 
houses and  substantial  business  blocks. 


THE  STATE  CAPITAL. 


LITTLE  ROCK, 

The  state  capital  and  the  county-seat  of  I'ulaski  county,  is 
situated  in  the  central  part  of  the  state,  on  the  south  bank  of 
the  Arkansas  river.  The  location  is  one  of  the  finest  imagin- 
able. A  high  rolling-  plateau  overlooking  the  river  and  sur- 
rounding country  for  miles  in  every  direction.  The  drainage 
is  natural  and  excellent,  and  its  healthfulness  a  fact  long 
established. 

Little  liock  is  not  only  the  geographical  but  the  commer^ 
cial  center  of  the  state,  and  promises  to  grow  rapidly  into  a 
large  and  important  place.  It  is  located  at  a  point  on  the 
river  which  steamboats  can  always  reach ;  is  the  terminus  of 
several  railroads,  and  the  center  of  several  more,  and  will  be 
to  Arkansas  and  the  southwest  what  Chicago  is  to  Illinois 
and  the  northwest — the  largest  commercial,  manufacturing 
and  important  city,  located  in  the  heart  of  a  country  rich  in 
minerals  and  forest,  surrounded  by  rich  and  fertile  soil,  and 
connected  with  every  city  and  harbor  in  the  United  States. 
The  facilities  to  become  the  great  distributing  point  for  a  vast 
inland  country  are  not  equaled  by  any  other  place  in  the 
southwest.  Its  manufacturing  interests  are  well  looked  after 
and  encouraged,  and  are  rapidly  enlarging.  Judging  from 
what  has  been  accomplished  in  establisliing  manufactories 
during  the  past  few  years.  Little  Rock  is  destined  to  become 
the  principal  manufacturing  cit}'  of  the  southwest.  Every 
natural  advantage  that  may  be  wished  to  support  manufac- 
tories are  found  here.  Improvements  are  continually  being 
made    extensive  and  substantial  business  houses  are  rapidly 


134  KESOURCES  OF  ARKANSAS. 

building  to  accommodate  its  fast  increasing  trade ;  elegant 
and  attractive  dwelling-houses  are  appearing  in  all  parts  of 
the  city  ;  large  and  beautiful  churches  and  school-houses  are 
to  be  seen,  and  everything  being  done  to  improve  and  beau- 
tify the  place. 

It  has  ten  or  twelve  well  sustained  churches  of  the  various 
denominations,  and  several  good  schools.  St.  Johns'  College 
and  St.  Mary's  Academj'^  for  girls  are  located  here — the 
former  having  collegiate  powers  and  a  military  department. 

It  has  four  banks  and  several  hotels,  and  an  able  bar.  It 
has  several  manufacturing  establishments,  and  needs  ten  times 
as  many  more.  It  has  a  good  and  commodious  wharf  and  a 
chamber  of  commerce.     The  city  is  lighted  by  gas. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  city  has  a  very  bright  pros- 
pect, and  its  natural  advantages  are  such  that  it  cannot -fail 
to  become  a  thriving  city.  In  1880  it  ought  to  have  at  least 
fifty  thousand  inhabitants.  Xature  has  endowed  Little  Rock 
with  vast  natural  resources  which  must  make  her  the  largest 
inland  city  of  the  great  southwest.    Population  about  20,000. 


NOTICES   OF  THE   PRESS. 


A  piiniphlet  containing  about  one  Imndred  and  fifty  pages,  giving  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  counties  in  the  .state,  i-ailroads,  mines,  and  indeed  all  her  varied 
resources,  has  recently  been  issued  by  James  P.  Henry,  of  Little  Eock.  Tlic 
information  it  contains  is  of  vast  importance,  and  should  be  widely  circulated 
abroad.  That  it  will  be  the  means  of  turning  immigration  in  this  direction,  wo 
'•annot  doubt.  Mr.  Henry  deserve.-^  the  thanks  of  all  for  the  public  .spirit  he  has 
thus  evinced  in  issuing  this  valuable  work.— Pine  Bhiff  Republican. 

'•Resources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas'"  is  the  title  of  a  pamphlet  compiled  by 
James  P.  Henry.  Besides  the  usual  statistics,  we  have  a  very  interesting 
description  of  counties,  railroads,  mines,  and  the  city  of  Little  Eock,  the  com- 
mercial, manufacturing,  political  and  railroad  center  of  the  state.  This  pamphlet 
should  find  general  circulation  through  the  land  owners  of  the  state,  whom  it  is 
intended  most  to  benefit.  It  contains  just  such  information  as  immigrants  need. 
— Memphis  Appeal. . 

We  liave  received  a  copy  of  the  "Eesources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas,"'  l>y 
James  P.  Henry.  AVe  liave  examined  this  work  carefully,  and  unhesitatingly 
])ronounce  it  a  very  valuable  outline  of  the  material  resources  of  our  state.  "NVe 
commend  it  to  all  seeking  liomcs  in,  or  information  concerning  Arkansas. — Bas- 
scllnlle  Triiivne. 

A'alxtable  PAMrni-KT. — AN'o  have  received  from  Mr.  James  P.  Henry,  of 
Little  Eock,  a  pamphlet  of  136  pages,  entitled  "Eesources  of  the  State  of 
Arkansas.''  A  similar  pamphlet  was  published  by  the  same  gentleman  some 
■aonths  ago,  about  Sebastian  county  and  Port  Smith,  j^lr.  Henry  is  deserving 
great  credit  in  thus  advocating  the  claims  of  Arkansas  upon  the  attention  of 
]ieople  abroad.  We  are  glad  to  learn  that  Mr.  Henry  meets  with  great  success 
in  this  enterprise,  most  of  the  business  men  at  Little  Eock  taking  from  ten  to 
one  hundred  copies. — Fort  Smith  New  Era. 

We  have  received  from  Mr.  James  P.  Henry,  the  author,  a  copy  of  the  "Ee- 
-ources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas,'  with  description  of  counties,  railroads,  mines, 
•  to.  It  is  a  very  valuable  work,  containing  an  immense  amount  ol  exceedingly 
valuable  information. — DarcUmclle  Chronicle. 

A  "A'aluablk  Book. — We  have  extracted  liberally  from  Mr.  J.  P.  Henry's 
book  on  the  resources  of  our  state,  and  did  so  the  more  readily  as  we  esteem  it  a 
valuable  work,  and  one  that  should  be  sent  abroad  by  all  of  our  citizens,  irre- 


136  EESOUKCES  OP  AEKANSAS. 

spcctive  of  profession,  trade  or  business.  Immigration  is  what  we  need,  and  in 
his  book  Mr.  Henry  expatiates  minutely  and  cleai-ly  upon  the  state's  great 
wealth  of  mineral,  the  fertility  of  our  soil,  its  adaptability  to  the  successful  cul- 
tivation of  all  cereals  and  fruit,  and  the  staple,  cotton.  Our  system  of  railroad-; 
is  elaborated  upon,  and  much  of  interest  to  every  one  is  given  in  neat  form  and 
at  "a  cheap  rate.  Perhaps  the  explanatory  preface  of  the  author  will  give  a 
better  idea  of  the  volume,  and  we  reproduce  it,  trusting  that  Mr.  Henry's  enter- 
prise will  receive  sufficient  indorsement  to  place  Arkansas'  inducements  in  the 
hands  of  any  number  of  strong  and  brawny  workrrs.  ns  well  as  before  the  eyes 
of  capitalists. — L'dilc  Rock  Repuhlican. 

"We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  James  P.  Henry,  of  Little  Kock,  for  a  copy  of  the 
"  Resources  of  the  State  of  Ai'kansas,"  with  a  description  of  counties,  railroads, 
mines,  etc.,  a  pamphlet  of  140  pages,  filled  with  a  very  interesting  account  of 
all  the  resources  of  the  state — just  such  a  book  as  every  one  seeking  a  good 
country  for  a  home  needs.  It  is  thcifirst  Avork  of  the  kind  ever  published,  and 
is  calculated  to  do  a  great  deal  of  good,  and  will  open  the  eyes  of  many  who 
have  hitherto  been  lilind  to  the  riclie-  and  wealth  of  Arkansas. —  Wi'sirni. 
Independdd. 

Arkansas. — Farmers  and  othei-s  residing  in  Xew  England,  who  are  thinking 
about  going  west  (or,  as  we  used  to  call  all  the  territory  beyond  Lake  Erie, 
"out  west")  would  do  well  to  send  to  James  P.Henry,  Esq.,  of  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  for  his  work  entitled  "Resources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas."  It  is  an  in- 
teresting book,  and  will  give  the  reader  a  host  of  information,  which,  if  he  in- 
tends to  go  out  west  to  live,  will  d(j  him  good.  ''  .\  W(>rd  to  tlie  wise  is  suffi- 
cient."—  Wesffield  {Mass.)  Neics  Letter. 

In  our  last  issue  we  gave  some  very  interesting  statistics  from  3Ir.  James  P. 
Henry's  little  work,  entitled  "  Resources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas."  It  is  the 
most  complete  exposition  of  the  advantages  of  this  remarkably  rich  state  tiiat 
has  yet  been  made,  and  its  extended  circulation  must  be  productive  of  great 
good  to  that  commonwesilth. — South,  New  YotI;. 

"Resources  of  the  State  of  Arkansas,"  with  descriptions  of  counties,  railroads 
and  mines,  and  the  city  of  Little  Rock,  is  the  title  of  a  pamphlet  by  James  P. 
Henry.  It  is  a  most  exhaustive  treatise  upon  Arkansas  and  all  its  interest.-^. 
Valuable  tables  of  statistics  are  given,  and  it  will  prove  a  vade  mccum  to  thostr 
interested  in  the  southwest.  It  contains  an  accurate  railroad  and  county  map. 
For  those  seeking  homes  in  tliat  section  of  our  country  it  must  be  invaluable:. — 
JSVw  York  World.       . 


iS 


± 


i\i^^ 


KICU  LANDS  IN   TlIK   UPPKR  AKKANSAS  VALi-lCY, 


Tiie  Most  hMm  him  in  \k  SoultaesI! 


AT   1 .0 \V    P i  1  [ ( ' KS   A  N  l!)  O \     i , I  I •:  K ii  A'  I .  T K H  M S , 


THi: 


LITTLE  K(H'K  AND  FORt  SMlTl!  K.  K.  CO. 


OFFKKS   Villi  ,SA  Li; 


yi 


1,000,000  ACRES 


OJ'  choice  Kiver  an  1  Creak  BottonJS  anJ  Uplands.  The.  uiiriviile.l  productive- 
iifiss  of  the  soil ;  tlio  climate  (average  annual  tein])orature  for  December,  Janu- 
ary, February  and  March  about  A'.P  F.)  p^n-niitting  lagricultural  labor  about- 
•'leven  months  of  the  year;  the  unqiieslionu:!  health  of  the  valley;  "the  various 
and  abundant  timber,  and  good  water;  with  the  rapid  advancement  of  the  state- 
in  railroads,  population  and  geniTa.l  im}>rove;m;ntK,  combine  t^.>  render  these- 
lands  the  garden  of  the  country.     They  ar^  located  as  follovsrs: 


Counties. 

AcroB. 

<'(.«n!i  s. 
Franklin,  iibi  ui 

Acres. 

Pulaski,  abotU 

78,500 
lHvS,200 
11'!,  .100 
10(5,700 

51,000 
i:!l,800^ 

1  1,500 

135,100' 

Conway,  about 

ii8,;oo' 

Perry,  about 

Pope,  about 

Yell,  about 

Crawford,  al>)ut 

1H2,500' 

Wiislii ngton,  about 

Sebastian,  about 

5,000 

.^5  300) 

Johnson,  about 

Van  Bureii   about 

■J,  000 

M adisou,  about 

Sal i:u>,  ahout 

4,500 

— '.n  alternate  sections,  ou  either  side  and  Avith'.ii  twi^nty  mih's  of  the  railroad. 
Uplands  from  $2  50  to  $7;  Creelc  Bottoms  fro:n  $7  to  $10;  and  Kiver  Bottoms 
from  $10  to  ^20  per  acre. 

Send  for  maps  aud  paaiphlet.  glvluu'  fiiU  iufdrinalifm  ifrrt;),  to 

K.  fS.   HOWK, 
t.;iii-i  C«uunki>*sii)uer,  Jjiftie  Rock,  Ark. 


0'(^  /n^^C  (pc^,i^<^ 


I10ME8  m  THE  SOUTHWEST. 


CAIRO  AND  FULTON  R.  R. 


0:F»    -A.3RLI3:-<9L.2XrS-A.S. 


TWO  MILLION  ACRES  OF  FARMING  LANDS. 


THE  CAIRO  AND  FULTOX  RAILROAD'"  " 

Runs  (?ifi.gonal!y  across  tho  State  of  Arkansas,  from  northeast  to  !:otitliwe?t,  having  a 
total  length  of  three  hundred  and  one  miles.  It  cros.sos  six  navigablo"Rtreams — to-wit : 
Black  river,  Wliite  river.  Little  Red  river,  Arkansas  river,  Ouachffta  river,  and  Rod 
River  of  the  South — and  will  ojxn  to  market  the  productis  of  the  rion  valleys  of  those 
streams  above  and  below  the  iJointj3  of  crossing.  ^  ..* 

CONXECTIOXS.  ' 

At  the  boundi'.ry  line  between  Arkan=!is  and  Mi«.sonri  it  eonnects  vrith  the  Arkansai 
and  Texas  railroad  of  Missouri,  which  cro;:Hes  the  Mississippi  river  at  Cairo;  al80,  with 
the  St.  Loui-i  andiron  Mountain  railroad,  runnin^r  to  the  city  of  St.  Louis — thus  unitins 
by  two  linos  with  the  network  of  railroads  of  the  north,  oast  and  west. 

At  the  Texas  boundary  line  it  connects  with  the  International  railroad  and  the  system 
■of  railroads  in  Texas,  thus  giving  outlet  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  Rio  trrando  and  th« 
^Southern  Pacific  railroad. 

The  Cairo  and  Fultf)n  railroad  is  the  grand  trunk  line  through  Arkansas,  and  ha,« 
branches  building  and  projected  into  all  portions  of  the  State.  It  passes  within  sixteen 
miles  of  the  celebrated  Hot  Springs  of  Arkausua,  so  well  known  for  their  remarkabln 
curative  properties. 

TIIK  LAND  GRANT. 

The  Company  has  ft  grant  from  the  government  of  the  United  States  of  two  million* 
of  aci'es  of  land,  situated  along  both  sides  of  the  road  and  extending  its  entire  length. 
The  line  of  the  roa-d  runs  on  a  belt  of  table  land  dividing  the  hills  of  the  Ozark  range 
from  the  rich  alluvial  formation  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  thus  giving  protection  against 
cold  northern  winds  and  affording  greater  variety  of  soil,  climate  and  production  than 
can  be  found  in  any  other  locality  of  like  area.  The  lands  are  covered  with  large 
growths  of  valuable  and  useful  varieties  of  timber,  the  lumber  from  which  will  find 
ready  sale  in  the  markets.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  and  easily  worked,  producing 
liigh  grades  of  cotton,  coroals,  grains,  grasses  and  fruits  in  abundance,  and  with  little 
labor.  No  portion  of  the  country  is  better  adapted  to  profitable  and  successful  stock- 
raising.  The  lands  of  the  Company  have  been  carefully  examined,  and  full  doscriptiou* 
wf  cacti  tract  may  bo  seen  at  the  oQicc  of  the  Company  in  Little  Rock. 

PRICE  AXD   TERMS. 

Lands  vary  in  price  from  two  to  five  dollars  per  acre,  according  to  location,  quality  of 
soil,  etc.  The  general  prices  range  from  three  to  fiva  dollars  per  aero.  The  Company 
will  make  such  terni*;  of  payment  as  may  bo  necessary  to  enable  actual  settlors  to  secura 
homes.    Inlttrost  on  dofevred  payments  will  bo  at  the  rate  of  six  per  ceutuui  per  annum. 

EXPLORERS'  TICKETS, 

Author!7/ing  parlies  to  stop  over  at  any  station  to  examine  lands,  can  be  procured  at  tha 
ticket  office  of  tlie  Iron  Mountain  railroad,  No.  IftO  South  Fourth  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
and  at  the  office  in  Little  Rock.  If  holders  of  these  tickets  purchase  land  from  thi* 
Company,  the  full  fare  over  this  road  and  half-fare  over  tlie  Iron  Mountain  road  will  bn 
refnnded.  Tha  railroad  fare  from  New  York  to  St.  Louis  for  immigrants  is  about  $25. 
For  pamphlet.",  maps,  etc.,  address — 

JAMES  31.  LOUGHBOROUGH, 

Land  Commissioner  Cair»  and  Fulton  Ilatiroad,  Little  Roek,  Ark. 


L  007  087  922  6 


D.  P.  BELDIN, 


HHSEIOS  AT  W 


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HOT  SPRINGS,  ARKANSAS. 


D.  P.  BELDIN 


OP^ALEK  IX 


DBY  GOODS,  GROCERIES,  HARWARE 

Quesnsware,  Stoves  ana  General  Merchandise. 


ALSO, 


fMNUFACTURER   OF  TIN,  SHEET-IRON  AMD   COPPER  WARE. 


itf^^llas  now  iu  store  the  most  coiiiplcle  stock  oi"  the  above 
line  of  goods  south  of  Little  Rock. 

HOT  Sl^RTNGS.  ARKANSAS, 


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